Breast

Question 1

The breast is sonographically divided into three layers:

Answer 1

Skin, nipple, subareolar
Subcutaneous region
Parenchyma

Question 2

_________ form(s) a fibrous “skeleton” that is responsible for maintaining the shape of the breast?

Answer 2

Cooper’s ligaments

Question 3

The functional portion of the breast consists of _________ lobes.

Answer 3

15 to 20

Question 4

As a woman ages, the glandular breast tissue is replaced with:

Answer 4

fat

Question 5

The retromammary layer is sonographically imaged as

Answer 5

Hypoechoic

Question 6

Cooper’s ligaments are best characterized as

Answer 6

Echogenic line interfaces in the subcutaneous layer

Question 7

Clinical findings of lumpy, painful, tender breasts that vary with monthly cycles usually represent

Answer 7

Fibrocystic disease

Question 8

The most important signs to look for in determining a cystic lesion of the breast include

Answer 8

well-defined borders
good through transmission
anechoic

Question 9

The the sonographic characteristic of a fibroadenoma is

Answer 9

Uniform, low-level homogeneous echoes

Question 10

The most common solid benign tumor of the breast is

Answer 10

Fibroadenoma

Question 11

The most common malignant neoplasm of the breast is

Answer 11

Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC)

Question 12

Lymphatic drainage from all parts of the breast generally flows to the ________ lymph nodes.

Answer 12

axillary

Question 13

Skin dimpling may be caused by

Answer 13

Retraction of tissue secondary to tumor infiltration

Question 14

Characteristic findings of breast carcinoma include

Answer 14

attenuation of sound
irregular margins
inhomogeneous low-level internal echo pattern with calcifications

Question 15

The primary purpose of breast screening examinations is to:

Answer 15

provide for early detection of breast carcinoma

Question 16

The most common clinical sign of breast carcinoma is

Answer 16

Palpable lump

Question 17

A normal extension of breast tissue into the axillary region is called ______________.

Answer 17

tail of Spence

Question 18

The midportion of the right medial and left lateral breast would be annotated as

Answer 18

3:00

Question 19

A condition of the male breast in which the ductal elements hypertrophy is called ______________.

Answer 19

gynecomastia

Question 20

__________ arteries is responsible for supplying blood to more than half of the breast?

Answer 20

Internal mammary

Question 22

Characteristics of possible breast cancer include

Answer 22

1. irregular or spiculated mammographic mass, and solid on ultrasound.
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2. clustered pleomorphic microcalcifications on mammogram, with or without any abnormality on ultrasound.
3. focal distortion on mammogram, and a correlating area of distortion on breast ultrasound.

Question 23

Ultrasound of the breast is often performed as an adjunctive imaging tool to

Answer 23

1. to assess a smooth mammographic mass as cystic or solid.
2. to further evaluate a palpable breast lump in a patient with very dense breast tissue and a negative mammogram.
3. to further evaluate a palpable breast lump in a patient with breast implants.

Question 24

Ultrasound is often of benefit in guiding breast procedures for

Answer 24

1. cyst aspiration
2. fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC)
3. drainage procedures

Question 25

In the case of a mammographic mass that is highly suggestive of malignancy, the correlating sonographic mass will likely show

Answer 25

Irregular margin and taller than wide

Question 26

In the case of a smooth mammographic mass that is highly suggestive as cystic, the correlating sonographic mass will likely show

Answer 26

Anechoic and posterior acoustic enhancement

Question 27

The advantages of breast ultrasound over mammography in evaluating the breast include

Answer 27

1. differentiation of cystic versus solid smooth masses. 2. more comfortable examination for the patient 3. better visualization of juxtathoracic deep tissues

Question 28

The advantages of breast ultrasound over mammography in evaluating the breast include

Answer 28

Can better evaluate those hard-to-reach places, such as parasternal tissues and axilla, not well seen on mammography

Question 29

Sonographic appearance of the breast is influenced by __________.

Answer 29

patient parity menopause patient age

Question 30

The layers of the breast are ______________.

Answer 30

subcutaneous, mammary, retromammary.

Question 31

Sonographic findings of the breast are described by ___________.

Answer 31

clock notations quadrants a diagram of the breast

Question 32

Breast tissue is bordered by the _______________.

Answer 32

skin anteriorly; pectoralis muscle posteriorly; axilla laterally; sternum medially.

Question 33

Fat lobules in the breast are ________.

Answer 33

less echogenic than the mammary layer.

Question 34

Breast lesions are characterized _____________.

Answer 34

by their size, shape, orientation, margins and posterior acoustic features.

Question 35

_______ are characteristics of a breast carcinoma?

Answer 35

Micro-calcifications Noncompressible. Vascularity

Question 36

The breast layer that exhibits the most changes sonographically is the ____________

Answer 36

mammary layer

Question 37

2:00 on the left breast is in _____ quadrant?

Answer 37

Upper outer