Breast

Question 1

amastia

Answer 1

Condition where the normal growth of the breast or nipple never takes place

Question 2

lactation

Answer 2

Secretion of milk by the mammary glands

Question 3

polymastia

Answer 3

one or more extra nipples. pretty much the same as supernumerary

Question 4

galactorrhea

Answer 4

Lactation that is not linked to childbearing.

Question 5

mastalgia

Answer 5

Breast pain, may be dull ache, heaviness, tightness

Question 6

inversion (nipple)

Answer 6

indent of the nipple, or inward shape

Question 7

eversion (nipple)

Answer 7

outward facing nipple

Question 8

gynecomastia

Answer 8

Male breasts

Question 9

Montgomery’s tubercles

Answer 9

Tiny sebaceous glands on the areola surface. “little bumps on the areola”

Question 10

Supernumerary nipple

Answer 10

One or more extra nipples located along an embryonic mammary ridge “the milk line”

Question 11

What are the breasts

Answer 11

mammary glands

Question 12

What area does the breast tissue cover?

Answer 12

From 2/3 rib to 6/7 rib.

From sternal margin to mid axillary.

Question 13

What type of tissue is the breast composed of

Answer 13

1. glandular
2. fibrous
3. some fat

Question 14

What do the lobules produce

Answer 14

milk

Question 15

Where does milk empty to from lobules

Answer 15

Into lactiferous ducts then onto the nipple

Question 16

what is the name of the ligament that holds the breast in place

Answer 16

suspensory ligament or cooper ligaments

Question 17

what type of glands are mammary glands

Answer 17

exocrine

Question 18

Where is the highest density of glandular tissue usually located

Answer 18

Upper outer quadrant

Question 19

Tail of spence

Answer 19

The glandular breast tissue that extends into the armpit

Question 20

How many lobes does the breast contain

Answer 20

15-20

Question 21

Arteries that feed the breast

Answer 21

1. Internal thoracic

2. lateral thoracic

Question 22

Lymph nodes of the associated with the breast

Answer 22

1. Superior/inferior clavicular
2. pectoral group
   3 axillary (lateral, anterior, mid)
3. parasternal

Question 23

Tanner stage 1

Answer 23

infant, preadolescent

areola not pigmented

Question 24

Stage 2

Answer 24

Breast bud stage, 1st puberty change. Areola enlarges, breast elevated

Question 25

stage 3

Answer 25

breast and areola enlarge more, round contour forming

Question 26

stage 4/5

Answer 26

secondary mound may or may not happen, achieve a smooth contour mature breast

Question 27

What two hormones are essential for development of breasts

Answer 27

progesterone and estrogen

Question 28

what hormones inhibit milk secretion

Answer 28

progesterone and estrogen

Question 29

what hormone stimulates milk secretion

Answer 29

prolactin

Question 30

What inhibits the production of prolactin

Answer 30

hypothalamus | So if you have milky discharge and are not pregnant this may suggest a pituitary adenoma or abnormality

Question 31

When should a breast exam be done

Answer 31

Best a week after cessation of menses. Because there will be less P/E and the breast tissue will be less swollen

Question 32

What does retraction or dimpling indicate

Answer 32

Possible cancer. If a mass is pushing on a cooper ligament, the breast can become retracted or dimpled.

Question 33

peau d'orange

Answer 33

Also under skin conditions. It is an edema of the breast that has an orange peel look (dimply). Usually due to blocked lymph drainage or inflammatory breast cancer

Question 34

What to look for with a mass of the breast

Answer 34

1. Does it move freely | 2. Is it hard

Question 35

What is first step in breast exam

Answer 35

pt seated with arms hanging loosely at the sides | inspect both breasts for size, shape, contour, symmetry, retraction, skin, lesions, venous patterns

Question 36

2nd step

Answer 36

inspect areola and nipples (shape symmetry, color, smoothness)

Question 37

What are the positions of the re-inspect

Answer 37

1. Arms extended over head 2. hands on hips shoulders back - helps with dimpling assesment 3. leaning forward - helps with symmetry assessment

Question 38

Chest wall sweep

Answer 38

Seated breast exam, start at the clavicle, sweep down to the nipple

Question 39

Bimanual palpation

Answer 39

place one hand under breast, feel across top of breast

Question 40

Palpation occurs twice, what ways?

Answer 40

1. sitting 2. lying down can palpate for lymph nodes in either position

Question 41

What are the 3 techniques to palpation while patient is lying down

Answer 41

1. vertical strip 2. circular 3. wedge

Question 42

What do you document with a breast mass

Answer 42

1. location (i.e. which quadrant or clock hands) | 2. size