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PD Block 1 > Breast > Flashcards

Breast Flashcards

1
Q

amastia

A

Condition where the normal growth of the breast or nipple never takes place

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2
Q

lactation

A

Secretion of milk by the mammary glands

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3
Q

polymastia

A

one or more extra nipples. pretty much the same as supernumerary

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4
Q

galactorrhea

A

Lactation that is not linked to childbearing.

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5
Q

mastalgia

A

Breast pain, may be dull ache, heaviness, tightness

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6
Q

inversion (nipple)

A

indent of the nipple, or inward shape

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7
Q

eversion (nipple)

A

outward facing nipple

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8
Q

gynecomastia

A

Male breasts

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9
Q

Montgomery’s tubercles

A

Tiny sebaceous glands on the areola surface. “little bumps on the areola”

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10
Q

Supernumerary nipple

A

One or more extra nipples located along an embryonic mammary ridge “the milk line”

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11
Q

What are the breasts

A

mammary glands

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12
Q

What area does the breast tissue cover?

A

From 2/3 rib to 6/7 rib.

From sternal margin to mid axillary.

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13
Q

What type of tissue is the breast composed of

A
  1. glandular
  2. fibrous
  3. some fat
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14
Q

What do the lobules produce

A

milk

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15
Q

Where does milk empty to from lobules

A

Into lactiferous ducts then onto the nipple

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16
Q

what is the name of the ligament that holds the breast in place

A

suspensory ligament or cooper ligaments

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17
Q

what type of glands are mammary glands

A

exocrine

18
Q

Where is the highest density of glandular tissue usually located

A

Upper outer quadrant

19
Q

Tail of spence

A

The glandular breast tissue that extends into the armpit

20
Q

How many lobes does the breast contain

A

15-20

21
Q

Arteries that feed the breast

A
  1. Internal thoracic

2. lateral thoracic

22
Q

Lymph nodes of the associated with the breast

A
  1. Superior/inferior clavicular
  2. pectoral group
    3 axillary (lateral, anterior, mid)
  3. parasternal
23
Q

Tanner stage 1

A

infant, preadolescent

areola not pigmented

24
Q

Stage 2

A

Breast bud stage, 1st puberty change. Areola enlarges, breast elevated

25
Q

stage 3

A

breast and areola enlarge more, round contour forming

26
Q

stage 4/5

A

secondary mound may or may not happen, achieve a smooth contour mature breast

27
Q

What two hormones are essential for development of breasts

A

progesterone and estrogen

28
Q

what hormones inhibit milk secretion

A

progesterone and estrogen

29
Q

what hormone stimulates milk secretion

A

prolactin

30
Q

What inhibits the production of prolactin

A

hypothalamus

So if you have milky discharge and are not pregnant this may suggest a pituitary adenoma or abnormality

31
Q

When should a breast exam be done

A

Best a week after cessation of menses. Because there will be less P/E and the breast tissue will be less swollen

32
Q

What does retraction or dimpling indicate

A

Possible cancer. If a mass is pushing on a cooper ligament, the breast can become retracted or dimpled.

33
Q

peau d’orange

A

Also under skin
conditions. It is an edema of the breast that has an orange peel look (dimply). Usually due to blocked lymph drainage or inflammatory breast cancer

34
Q

What to look for with a mass of the breast

A
  1. Does it move freely

2. Is it hard

35
Q

What is first step in breast exam

A

pt seated with arms hanging loosely at the sides

inspect both breasts for size, shape, contour, symmetry, retraction, skin, lesions, venous patterns

36
Q

2nd step

A

inspect areola and nipples (shape symmetry, color, smoothness)

37
Q

What are the positions of the re-inspect

A
  1. Arms extended over head
  2. hands on hips shoulders back - helps with dimpling assesment
  3. leaning forward - helps with symmetry assessment
38
Q

Chest wall sweep

A

Seated breast exam, start at the clavicle, sweep down to the nipple

39
Q

Bimanual palpation

A

place one hand under breast, feel across top of breast

40
Q

Palpation occurs twice, what ways?

A
  1. sitting
  2. lying down
    can palpate for lymph nodes in either position
41
Q

What are the 3 techniques to palpation while patient is lying down

A
  1. vertical strip
  2. circular
  3. wedge
42
Q

What do you document with a breast mass

A
  1. location (i.e. which quadrant or clock hands)

2. size

PD Block 1 (7 decks)

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