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PD Block 1 > Ophthalmologic Examination > Flashcards

Ophthalmologic Examination Flashcards

1
Q

Bulbar conjunctiva

A

Conjunctiva that covers the outer surface of the eye

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2
Q

Palpebral conjunctiva

A

Conjunctiva that coats the inside of the eyelids. Must pull down to see

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3
Q

Where is lacrimal gland located

A

On the upper eyelid, just under brow

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4
Q

Superior rectus muscle

A

Up and out

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5
Q

Inferior rectus muscle

A

Down and away

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6
Q

Medial rectus muscle

A

Inward

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7
Q

Lateral rectus muscle

A

outward

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8
Q

LR6SO4

A

Lateral rectus=CN 6

Superior oblique=CN 4

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9
Q

Which eye muscles are controlled by CN III?

A

Everything except lateral rectus and superior oblique

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10
Q

Lid lag

A

when the pt looks down and the eyelid does not go with. usually will see a big part of the sclera. indicative of hyperthyroidism

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11
Q

Inferior oblique muscle

A

up and in

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12
Q

Superior oblique muscle

A

Down and in

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13
Q

Macula

A

Site of central vision

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14
Q

Proptosis

A

Protrusion of the eyeball. Exophthalmos means the same thing

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15
Q

Legal blindness

A

20/200. Pt can see at 20’ what a normal person sees at 200. Correctable up to 20/200

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16
Q

Visual impairment

A

Reduction in vision that cannot be corrected with standard lenses

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17
Q

exophthalmos

A

Protrusion of the eyeball.

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18
Q

nystagmus

A

involuntary eye movement (twitching)

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19
Q

strabismus

A

Eye misalignment. Intermittent or continues

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20
Q

emmetropia

A

Normal vision

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21
Q

myopia

A

Nearsightedness. Image is focused in front of retina. Cant seen things far away

22
Q

diplopia

A

double vision

23
Q

hyperopia

A

Farsightedness. Image is focused behind retina. Cant see things up close

24
Q

astigmatism

A

Blurred vision due to irregular corneal shape or the curve of the lens

25
Q

presbyopia

A

Old eyes. Lens loses ability to focus. Cant see up close

26
Q

mydriasis

A

Dilation of the pupil, usually caused by disease, drugs or trauma

27
Q

miosis

A

Constriction of the pupils

28
Q

anisocoria

A

One pupil is more dilated than the other

29
Q

ptosis

A

Drooping of the eyelids

30
Q

Exotropia

A

Strabismus where the eye tracks out

31
Q

Esotropia

A

Strabismus where the eye tracks in

32
Q

What do you use to test visual acuity? (AKA direct central vision)

A

Rosenbaum chart

OD, OS, OU

33
Q

How do you test peripheral vision

A 
Confrontation. Wiggling fingers
Pt covers R eye, I cover R eye wiggle fingers at 12 and 6 o'clock
wiggle fingers at 10 and 8 o'clock
I switch and cover L eye
wiggle fingers at 2 and 4 o'clock
34
Q

How do you test for pupil dilation

A

Consensually and directly

Shine light in eye, look for constriction. Remove, shine light in in eye again, look for constriction in opposite eye

35
Q

Consensual pupil constriction

A

When opposite eye constricts

36
Q

How do you test for anterior chamber depth

A

shine light tangentially from side of eye. If entire iris color is seen chamber depth is adequate

37
Q

How do you test for glaucoma

A

push on the eyes with eyelids shut

38
Q

What does accommodation test for

A

Pupil constriction

39
Q

How do you do accommodation test?

A

Have pt focus on an object in the distance. Bring pen in close have them refocus on it. pupils should constrict

40
Q

How do you test for EOMS

A

6 cardinal directions

41
Q

What do you look for with EOMS

A

nystagmus, lid lag, conjugate gaze

42
Q

How do you test for strabismus

A
  1. Corneal light reflex
  2. Cover-uncover test

Pt stares straight ahead, cover one eye, remove and watch for eye movement as pt focuses on object in distance

43
Q

How do you test for color vision

A

Use a color plate and ask the patient to pick out primary colors

44
Q

diopter setting

A

wheel on side of opthalmoscope. Allows for focusing

45
Q

polarizing filter

A

reduces glare during exam

46
Q

cobalt blue light

A

Used with fluorescein dye. Lesions and abrasions

47
Q

What degree should you approach the pt at for ophthalmoscopy

A

10-15 degrees

48
Q

What should you see in retina during ophthalmoscopy

A

optic disc, arteries, veins, optic cup fovea/macula

49
Q

What will you see in a diabetic patient

A

Increase in vascularity near the macula, hemorrhage, or yellow cotton wool spots, micro -aneurysms, hard exudates

50
Q

What will you see in a hypertensive patient

A

Cotton wool spots, yellow areas

51
Q

What will you see in a pt with thyroid disease

A

Proptosis eyeballs, lid lag, startled expression

52
Q

What will you see in a pt with hypercholesteremia

A

Yellow deposits on eyelids or light toned fatty deposits on the cornea

PD Block 1 (7 decks)

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