Breast

Question 1

Which lymph nodes recieve 75% of breast lymph

Answer 1

Axillary Lymph Nodes

Question 2

Which lymph nodes recieve 20% of breast lymph

Answer 2

Parsternal group of lymph nodes

Question 3

Which lymph nodes recieve 5% of breast lymph

Answer 3

Intercostal group of lymph nodes

Question 4

What do the Humeral (lateral) lymph nodes drain

Answer 4

Recieve all lymph from the upper limb, except those accompanying the cephalic vein

Question 5

Where are the Pectoral (anterior) lymph nodes

Answer 5

Around lateral thoracic vein at the inferior border of the Pec. minor

Question 6

What do the Pectoral (anterior) lymph nodes drain

Answer 6

Receive lymph from
Superolateral part of breast
Subareolar plexus of the breast

Receive most lymph of breast

Question 7

Where are the subscapular (posterior) nodes found

Answer 7

Around the subscapular vessels

Question 8

What do the Subscapular (Posterior) nodes drain

Answer 8

Lymph from the posterior thoracic wall and the scapular region

Question 9

Where are the Central Axillary nodes located

Answer 9

Deep to pectaloris minor

Question 10

What do the Centrail Axillary Nodes drain

Answer 10

Lymph from all efferent axillary vessels (except those of Apical nodes)

Question 11

Where are the Apical Axillary Lymph nodes located

Answer 11

At the first part of the axillary artery

Question 12

What do the Apical Axillary Lymph nodes drain

Answer 12

All axillary nodes

Nodes that accompany the cephalic vein

Question 13

Route of lymphatic vessels going through the apical axillary lymph nodes

Answer 13

Traverse cervico-axillary canal

Vessels then unite to form the Subclavian Lymphatic Trunk

Question 14

What is Sappey’s Plexus

Answer 14

The lymphatic plexus made up of the nipple and areolar

Question 15

Where is the parasternal group of lymph nodes

Answer 15

Aterior spaces of intercostal spaces along internal thoracic artery

Question 16

What does the parasternal group of lymph nodes drain

Answer 16

Medial convexivity of breast

Question 17

Where is the intercostal group of lymph nodes located

Answer 17

Along the intercostal vessels

Question 18

What are some of the characteristics of the shape of the female breast

Answer 18

Size of base is fairly constant
Proturberant
Hemispherical
Conical in young females
Pendulous in older females

Question 19

What is the position of the breast

Answer 19

Extend from 2nd to 6th ribs vertically
Extend from 4th intercostal cartilage to near mid-axillary line horizontally
2/3 on Pec. Major and its fascia
1/3 on Serratus Anterior and External Oblique

Question 20

What is the superolateral part of the breast called

Answer 20

Axillary tail of Spence

Question 21

What is the size of the areolar

Answer 21

1-2cm in diameter

Question 22

What does the areolar contain

Answer 22

Areolar sebaceous glands of Montgomery

Secrete an oily substance

Question 23

What is the nipple called

Answer 23

Mammary papilla

Question 24

What is the level of the nipple in nulliparous females

Answer 24

At level of 4th intercostal space

Question 25

Where do the lactiferous ducts open

Answer 25

Into the mammary papillae (nipple)

Question 26

What is the name of the area that the entire breast is placed in

Answer 26

Retromammary Space (Superficial fascia)

Question 27

How many lobes of glandular tissue are there

Answer 27

5-20

Question 28

Describe (histologically) the lobes of glandular tissue

Answer 28

Tubulo-alveolar type | Fibrous connective tissue separates adjacent lobes

Question 29

What are the attachments of the Suspensory ligaments of Cooper

Answer 29

Fibrous processes of deep fascia | Skin & papilla

Question 30

What is the function of the Suspensory ligaments of Cooper

Answer 30

Support the glandular lobes

Question 31

What drains the lobules of breast tissue

Answer 31

Lactiferous ducts

Question 32

What are the dilations below the areolar area called and what do they do

Answer 32

Lactiferous Sinuses | Store milk

Question 33

What is the arterial supply of the breast

Answer 33

Medial side from 2nd to 4th intercostal space: Perforating branches of Internal Thoracic artery Braches of 3rd - 5th Intercostal Arteries Pectoral branches of Thoracoacromial artery Lateral Thoracic Artery Subscapular Artery 2nd, 3rd, 4th Posterior Interostal Arteries (which come from thoracic aorta)

Question 34

Describe the venous drainage of the breast

Answer 34

Aanstomatic drainage around nipples (circulus venosus) feeds into axillary and Internal Thoracic Veins via Intercostal Veins

Question 35

Nerve supply of the breast

Answer 35

Lateral and Anterior Cutaneous branches of 3rd - 6th Intercostal nerves

Question 36

What is the significance of the nerve supply to the breast

Answer 36

Sympathetic motor fibres go to blood vessels and smooth muscles. Also the nervous plexus around the nipple is important in suckling