Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

CP3 SURGERY > BREAST > Flashcards

BREAST Flashcards

(78 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

When is a fibroadenoma?

A

Common benign breast lump

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Who gets fibroadenoma’s

A

Young F (<30)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Features of fibroadenoma

A 
Not fixed to Chx wall
Smooth/rubbery 
Solid 
Painless 
Well-circumscribed 
Painless
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

When may a fibroadenoma want to be removed for cosmetic purposes?

A

If the woman has small breasts

b/c can cause a large deviation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why do fibroadenosis + cysts occur

A

Menstrual cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What age group gets fibroadenosis + cysts

A

30-50 y/o

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What may cysts + fibrous nodules feel like o/e

A

Bubble wrwap

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

If cysts are multiple, what are they related to?

A

Homones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which quadrant of the breast has the highest % of carcinoma?

A

Upper outer quadrant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the most common cancer in females?

A

Breast cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 2 main cell types in breast cance r

A

Ductal

Lobar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Can you usually palpate breast carcinoma in situ

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

PS breast carcinoma (5)

A 
Breast mass 
Pain 
Nipple changes 
Dimpling breast tissue 
Local oedema
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Non specific Sx breast carcinoma

A

W loss
Loss appetitie
Fatigue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Features of lump - breast carcinoma (4)

A

Hard
Spiky
Not well circumscribed
Fixed to chest wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How does breast carcinoma spread

A

Via direct extension
Lymphatics + bloods
Pleura + peritoneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Symptom + related mets: SOB

A

Lung mets + pleural effusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Symptom + related mets:

Headache/vision change/seizure

A

Brain mets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Symptom + related mets: abdo pain

A

Liver mets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Symptom + related mets: abdo distention

A

Ascites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Symptom + related mets: bone pain, weakness, numbness

A

SC compression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

RF breast carcinoma (10)

A 
= ALL TO DO W/ HIGH CIRCULATING OESTROGEN
Female 
Late menopause/early menarche 
OCP
HRT
FHx
Age 
Nulliparity 
< time breast feeding 
'Western lifestyle'
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What % breast cancers are familial

A

5-10%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What assessment are most breast lumps referred for?

A

Triple assessment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is 'triple assessment'
Combo of 3 tests | Clinical exam, radiology + pathology
26
How are biopsies of the breast performed
Either Freehand if not palpable | Stereotactic if cant be seen on mammogram
27
What is the sensitivity of triple assessment?
99%
28
Why are mammograms not useful on young patients
Because their breast tissue is very dense | So all comes up as white hence = difficult to see anything
29
USS - black circle w/ well defined margin =
cyst
30
USS - grey/black circle w/ well defined margin =
Something capsulated :)
31
USS - grey/black circle w/ ill-defined margin =
Cancer
32
Nipple discharge - what does clear mean
Physiological
33
Nipple discharge - what does milky mean (2)
Pregnancy | Hyperprolactinaemia
34
Nipple discharge - what does green discharge mean
Duct ectasia around menopause | Fibroadenotic cyst
35
Nipple discharge - what does single blood stained duct discharge mean
V worrying
36
What to do if pt has Single blood stained duct discharge
Microducetomy
37
What is most suspicious, single or multiduct discharge
Single duct
38
What is periductal mastitis
Infection of ducts beneath the nipple
39
Who is more likely to suffer from periductal mastitis (2)
Smokers | Those w/ nipple piercings
40
Mx periductal mastitis
Flucloxacillin
41
What is the most common cause of breast pain?
MSK
42
Mx cyclical breast pain
Tamoxifen/danzol
43
Mx all breast pain
Evening primrose oil
44
Breast TNM: T1
<2cm
45
Breast TNM: T2
2-5cm
46
Breast TNM: T3
>5cm
47
Breast TNM: T4
Fixed to chest wall | Or Peau d'orange
48
Breast TNM: N0
No nodes
49
Breast TNM: N1
Mobile ipsilateral nodes
50
Breast TNM: N2
Fixed nodes
51
Breast TNM: M0
No distant mets
52
Breast TNM: M1
Distant mets
53
Further Ix if you suspect a patient of having mets
Liver USS CXR Bone scan
54
What is another name for breast conserving surgery?
WLE - Wide local excision
55
What does WLE involve
Excising tumour w/ 1cm margin | Making sure microscopically margins are clear
56
When is a mastectomy used? (4)
Multifocal disease High tumour:breast Disease recurrence Pt choice
57
What are the 2 types of axillary surgery
Sentinel node biopsy | Axillary node clearance
58
What is sentinel node biopsy
Remove the 1st LN into which tumour drains This involves using a blue dye Node is removed + sent for histological analysis
59
What is Axillary node clearance
Remove all nodes in axilla
60
What treatment is most surgery combined with?
Radiotherapy
61
When to consider using chemo for Tx breast cancer
If nodal disease | High grade tumours
62
Chemotherapeutic agents used in breast cancer (3)
Anthracyclines Cyclophosphamides methotrexate
63
What additional Tx is given to pt who are either HER2 or ER +ve - pre-menopausal
5 y of tamoixfen
64
What additional Tx is given to pt who are either HER2 or ER +ve - post menopausal
Aromastase inhibitors e.g. letrazole, aromisin
65
What additional Tx is given to pt who are HER2 +ve
Herceptin
66
If there are mets, what Tx is recommended
Surgery for Sx relief | Radiotherapy for palliation
67
What is the NPI
Nottingham porgnostic index which assesses survival and risk relapse
68
How is the NPI calculated?
Size (cm x 0.2) + grade (1-3) + nodes (0 = 1point, 1-3 = 2 points, >3 = 3 points)
69
10 y survival rate (after surgery) NPI <2.4
95%
70
10 y survival rate (after surgery) NPI 2.4-3.4
85%
71
10 y survival rate (after surgery) NPI 3.4-4.4
70%
72
10 y survival rate (after surgery) NPI 4.4-5.4
50%
73
10 y survival rate (after surgery) NPI >5.4
20%
74
Age at which breast cancer screening starts
47-50
75
How often are women screen for breast cancer?
Every 3 years
76
When does breast screening end
After 73 y/o
77
If a women is older than 73 can she been screened?
No but she can request a scan
78
Which type of breast cancer has the poorest prognosis?
HER2+

CP3 SURGERY (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions