Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

CP3 SURGERY > GEN SURG part 2 > Flashcards

GEN SURG part 2 Flashcards

(54 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Norm Na levels in serum

A

135-145

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Norm K levels in serum

A

3.5-5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Norm Ca levels in serum

A

2.2-2.6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Norm Cl levels in serum

A

94-111

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Norm lactate levels in serum

A

1-2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Composition of 0.9% saline

A

OSM: 308
Na+ - 154
Cl- 154

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Composition of 4% dextrose 0.18% saline

A

OSM: 283
Na 30
Cl 30
40g dextrose in 1 L h20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Composition of Hartmanns

A 
OSM 278 
Na 131
K 5
Ca 2+ 2
CL 111
Lactate 29
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Composition of Gelatine 4%

A

OSM 290
Na 145
Cl 145

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Composition of 5% albumin

A

OSM 300
Na 150
Cl- 150

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which solutions are ‘colloids’

A

Gelatin

Albumin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Why do colloids not work like they do in theory

A

ill pt have leaky vessels so are not as effective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Other -ves of colloids (2)

A

Expensive

Cause anaphylaxis/allergies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

If you give a 70kg man 1L of pure water, how much ends up in the plasma

A

83ml

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

If you give isotonic solutions, what % ends up in the ECG

A

100%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

If you give a 70kg man 1L of isotonic solution, how much ends up in plasma

A

250ml

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

E.g.s of ‘sensible’ losses

A

Urinary losses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

E.g.s of insensible losses ‘3’

A

Sweat
Lungs
Faeces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

E.g.s of ‘additional’ losses (4)

A

NG tubes
Stomas
Drains
3rd space losses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the ‘third space’

A

Cavities where fl does not normally collect and is not readily exchangable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Egs of third spaces (3)

A

GIT
Pleura
Peritoneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How many ml lost via urine a day

23
Q

How many ml lost by lungs and faeces a day

24
Q

How many ml lost by sweating a day

25
how many L of fl does an ill pt in hospital need /day
3L
26
1 salty 2 sweet regimen
1L norm saline +20mmol KCl over 8h 1L 5% dextrose w/ 20mmol KCl over 8h 1L 5% dextrose w/ 20mmol KCl over 8h
27
What must you ALWAYS do before prescribing fl
Chekc U+E
28
If pt has pyrexia, how does fl regime change
+ 10% for ever degree of fever
29
What activates the RAAS
Decreased effective aa blodo volume --> decreased renal blod flow Or By unloading of high pressure baroceptors in the aa system
30
Where are the baroceptors (3)
LA Carotid body Aortic arch
31
What deactivates the RAAS
Increaseed EABV --> stretch atrial myocardium --> release of ANP ANP vasodilates renal aaa _ decreasees RAAS activity
32
sx of mild dehydration (3)
Headache lack of E Tired
33
sx of mod dehydration (4)
Dry mouth Decr alertness Sunken eyes Mm cramps
34
Sx of severe dehydration (5)
``` Confusion Disorientation TachyC Tachypnoea Low BP ```
35
Blood results dehydration
Deranged U+E | Markedkly raised urea
36
metabolic change vomiting
Hypochloraemic, hypokalaemia metabolic alkalosis
37
Tx vomiting
0.9% saline | + 20mmol KCl
38
What do pancreatic, small bowel, and bile fistulas contain
High bicarbonate levels
39
How much K levels seem with these fistulae and why
Elevated (due to acidosis desplaces K from cells) | But really total body K is depleted
40
Metabolic changes in acute diarrhoea
Hyperchloraemic metabolic acidosis | Hypokalaemia if profuse
41
Tx diarrhoea if oral rehydration not possible
0.9% saline | 20mmol K
42
Fl Mx stable pt w/ closed head injury
⅔ of maintenance isotonic solutions
43
Metabolic changes ATN (6)
``` Hyperkalaemia Hyperphosphataemia Hypermagnesia Hyponatraemia Hypocalcaemia Metabolic acidosis ```
44
Essential Ix for dehydration
``` FBC U+E Lactate GLucose Urinalysis ```
45
What is SIADH
Non-physiological release of ADH | --> DECREASED water excretion + normal Na excretio --> dilutional hyponatraemai
46
causes if SIADH (broad categories) | 6
``` Malignancy CNS disorders Chest disease Endocrine disease (hypothyroidism) Drugs Other ```
47
Malignancies --> SIADH (3)
Small cell lung Pancreas Prostate
48
CNS disorders --> SIADH (3)
Meningoencephalitis Haemorrhage Head injury
49
Chest conditions --> SIADH (3)
TB Pneumonia Abscess
50
Drugs --> SIADH (2)
Opiates | Psychotropics
51
Ix SIADH
Hyponatraemia Norm Urea/creatinine Incr urinary sodium hence incr specific gravity urine
52
Def diabetes insipidus
Passage of large vol of dilute urine b/c imp water resorption by kidneys collecting ducts
53
What causes diabetes insipidus
reduced ADH secretion from post pit OR impaired response of kidney
54
Consequence of diabetes insipidus
Hypernatraemia | Raised plasma osmolality

CP3 SURGERY (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions