Breast Anatomy and Pathophysiology Flashcards

(31 cards)

1
Q

Breast tissue lies on what?

A

Pectoral fascia

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2
Q

What does the retrommamary space allow for?

A

Movement via bursal tissue

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3
Q

What ligament supports the breast superiorly?

A

Suspensory ligaments

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4
Q

Lactiferous ducts are attached to what?

A

Lobules of the mammary gland

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5
Q

What will compress the areola and stimulate hormonal mediated let-down reflex?

A

Nursing

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6
Q

Venous drainage is from what vein primarily?

A

Axillary

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7
Q

Where does the axillary lymph nodes drain?

A

Drain into the clavicular nodes –> subclavian –> lymphatic trunk

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8
Q

When does breast tissue stop growing and will diminish?

A

Around 35 years of age

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9
Q

What hormone promotes breast gland growth?

A

Progesterone

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10
Q

What is the first sign of puberty in women?

A

Breast development (“breast buds”)

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11
Q

How long does full breast development take?

A

About 4 years

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12
Q

What hormone develops the functional cells that line the acini?

A

Progesterone

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13
Q

What hormone stimulates milk production?

A

Prolactin

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14
Q

What hormone stimulates let-down?

A

Oxytocin

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15
Q

What is the first milk produced after delivery?

A

Colostrum

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16
Q

Where do fibrotic changes typically palpated?

A

upper/outer breast tissue

17
Q

What is the pathophysiology of fibrocytic breasts?

A

No difinitive cause, thought to be associated with alteration of estrogen/progresterone or increase in prolactin

18
Q

How do fibroadenoma’s present?

A

Firm, well-circumscribed, mobile, and painless mass

Typically a solitary mass

19
Q

Does fibroademoa’s increase the risk of breast cancer?

20
Q

What is the cause of fibroadenoma’s?

A

Overgrowth of epithelial and supporting structural cells

21
Q

What is mastitis?

A

Inflammation of breast tissues typically with breast feeding

*If seen in non-breastfeeding pt, need to think of underlying issue

22
Q

When are you concerned for infection for infectious etiology in mastitis?

A

12-24 hours after onset of symptoms (fever)

23
Q

What pathogen is most common in mastitis?

24
Q

What are the most common associated diagnosis with galactorrhea?

A

Hypothalamic pituitary disorders
Pituitary tumors
Trauma

25
What does red discharge from the breasts suggest?
Cancer
26
Galactorrhea is most commonly caused by
Hyperprolactonemia
27
When is gynecomastia normal?
Puberty (resolves in 6 mo)
28
What is the normal role of the BRCA genes?
tumor suppression
29
What are the functional units of the lobules?
Acini, lined with epithelial cells and can secrete milk
30
What cell type allows for ejection of milk?
Underlying the acini are myoepithelial cells that can contract to cause ejection of the milk
31
When is pain most common in fibrocystic breast changes?
Around time of menstruation