Breast And lung Flashcards
(21 cards)
Lateral to lateral border of pectoralis minor
muscle
Level I lymph nodes:
Behind pectoralis minor muscle
Level II lymph nodes:
lymph nodes: Medial to medial border of pectoralis minor
muscle
Level III lymph nodes:
What day of the menstrual cycle are the best time for breast examination
Days 5-7
provide an indication of how likely a cancer will recur either
locally or in distant organs in the future if a patient is not treated
with the respective treatments.
Prognostic factors
used to deter-
mine if a given treatment is likely to work or not, assuming the
patient’s prognosis justifies treatment
Predictive factors
Most powerful prognostic
indicator
Number of + axillary lymph nodes
Poor prognosis
ER- or HER2+
And tumor size
almost always positive for ER and
negative for HER2 amplification.
Luminal A
exhibit co-amplification and
overexpression of other genes adjacent
HER2-amplified breast cancers
Patients with germline BRCA1
mutations also usually fall within this molecular subtype
Basal breast cancer
patients with axillary lymph node metastasis
RADIATION THERAPY (RT)
severe reduction in venous
return from the head, neck, and upper extremities. Malignant tumors,
such as lung cancer, lymphoma, and metastatic tumors, are responsible
svc SYNDROME
Pleural effusion, sinus tachycardia, jugular venous
distention, hepatomegaly, peripheral edema, and cyanosis are the most
frequent physical findings. Relatively specific diagnostic findings, such
as paradoxical pulse, diminished heart sounds, pulsus alternans (pulse
waves alternating between those of greater and lesser amplitude with
successive beats), and friction rub
rsial.
B
■ PERICARDIAL EFFUSION/TAMPONADE
safest and cheapest way to identify hydronephrosis.
Renal
ultrasound
can reveal the point of obstruction and identify a retro-
peritoneal mass or adenopathy.
CT scan
tingling or electric sensation down the back and upper and lower
limbs upon flexing or extending the neck, may be an early sign of cord
compression.
Lhermitte’s sign,
earliest
radiologic finding of vertebral tumor in plain films;
Erosion of the pedicles (the “winking owl” sign)
Most common
bisphosphonate used for bone metastasis and hypercalcemia;
Biphosphonates e.g., Zoledronic acid
recommended regimen for squamous cell ca
Cisplatin/ Gemcitabine -
given to lung cancer patients with Adenocarcinoma histology and (+) EGFR mutation in lung biopsy
Erlotinib, Gefitinib, and Afatinib
