Breast Exam (Test 2)

Question 1

The breast is divided into 4 quadrants and tail of ________ for exam purposes

Answer 1

Spence

Question 2

The breast is composed of 3 types of tissue. What are they?

Answer 2

1) glandular
2) fibrous
3) adipose

Question 3

How many glandular lobes are in each breast?

Answer 3

15-20 lobes

Question 4

How many lobules are in each glandular lobe of the breast? What do they contain?

Answer 4

20-40 lobules containing acini cells (milk) that empty into lactiferous ducts

Question 5

Which breast tissue type is for support and contains suspensory ligaments called Coopers ligament?

test q

Answer 5

fibrous tissue

Question 6

What 6 muscles form the floor of breast?

Answer 6

1) pec minor and major
2) serratus anterior
3) lats
4) subscapularis
5) external oblique
6) rectus abdominis

Question 7

What is the pigmented portion of breast called?

Answer 7

areola

Question 8

What part of the breast contains sebaceous glands with montgomery tubercles, sweat glands, and accessory glands?

Answer 8

areola

Question 9

Supernumerary nipples are extra nipples. Where are they found?

Answer 9

in axilia or just inferior to breasts

Question 10

Most lymph drainage from the breast goes to where?

Answer 10

axilia

Question 11

Which lymph node of the breast is easiest to palpate?

Answer 11

central axillary lymph node is between the anterior and posterior axillary folds

Question 12

What are the 5 groups of lymph nodes?

Answer 12

1) central axillary
2) pectoral
3) subscapular
4) lateral brachial
5) rotter’s nodes (interpectoral)

Question 13

Deeper drainage of lymph from breast goes where?

Answer 13

directly to intraclavicular or deep channels

Question 14

What is the continuation of breast tissue to axilla called?

Answer 14

tail of spence

Question 15

What is the fancy word for male breast enlargement?

Answer 15

gynecomastia

Question 16

What are the 6 modifiable risk factors for breast cancer?

Answer 16

1) no childbirth before 30 y/o
2) combined hormone therapy of estrogen and progesterone after menopause for 4+ years
3) alcohol
4) obesity
5) high fat diet
6) exercise reduces risk

Question 17

define nulliparty/ nulliparous

Answer 17

never having completed a pregnancy beyond 30 weeks

Question 18

80% of breast cancer occurs after what age?

Answer 18

50 y/o

Question 19

Retractions or dimpling of breast tissue could indicate what?

Answer 19

carcinoma

Question 20

Peau d’orange of the breast could indicate what?

Answer 20

carcinoma and blockage of lymph

Question 21

Thickening and prominent pores on the breast could indicate what?

Answer 21

carcinoma

Question 22

Unilateral venous patterns on the breast could indicate what?

Answer 22

malignancy

Question 23

Are nipples normally everted or inverted?

Answer 23

either but eversion is more common

Question 24

A nipple that is normally everted becomes inverted. This could indicate?

Answer 24

carcinoma

Question 25

What is the fancy word for sweat gland infection in armpit?

Answer 25

hidradenitis suppurativa

Question 26

Deep pigmentation in armpit and velvetly smooth skin could be a sign of malignancy. What is this called?

Answer 26

acanthosis nigracans

Question 27

Benign but painful dilation of ducts with inflammation surrounding the ducts

Answer 27

mammary duct actasia

Question 28

When is the best time for a breast exam?

Answer 28

right after period

Question 29

What is the most common tumor found on the breast that is stone hard with palpation?

Answer 29

scirrhous tumors

Question 30

What tumor is rubbery upon palpation of breast?

Answer 30

lobular tumors

Question 31

What tumor is soft and fleshy upon palpation of breast (1% of breast cancers)?

Answer 31

medullary tumor

Question 32

What pathology is this? -underlying ductal carcinoma that alters the breast surface -red, scaly, crusty areas on nipple, areola, and adjacent skin -similar in appearance to eczema

Answer 32

paget's disease of the nipple

Question 33

What pathology is this? -infection and inflammation of the breast -s. aureus is the most common cause -complication with lactation -tender, hard, red, hot mass -suppuration may occur

Answer 33

mastitis

Question 34

What is the most common cause of mastitis?

Answer 34

s. aureus

Question 35

What are the causes of gynecomastia?

Answer 35

-excess body fat -low testosterone, high estrogen -liver failure -drugs like steroids, marijuana -tumors -HCG levels may be present/elevated

Question 36

What pathology is this? -benign breast lump from inflammation due to injury/ trauma -firm, irregular mass -painless -may see skin discoloration

Answer 36

fat necrosis

Question 37

What pathology is this? -nipple discharge from the subareolar ducts (benign tumors of epithelial hyperplasia) -usually unilateral -serous or bloody discharge

Answer 37

intraductal papilloma

Question 38

What pathology is this? -benign tumor of the breast -consists of breast and stromal tissue -most common with 30 y/o women -feels like rubbery marbles with well defined borders, marble can be moved with palpation

Answer 38

fibroadenoma

Question 39

What pathology is this? -may be caused by estrogen imbalance -localized and usually singular -painless -fluid filled inside breast glands

Answer 39

breast cysts

Question 40

What pathology is this? -may be caused by estrogen imbalance -benign condition -breasts feel lumpy -fluid filled round or oval cysts develop -scar-like tissue forms fibrous tissue -changes in hormone levels during period can make it tender

Answer 40

fibrocystic disease

Question 41

What pathology is this? -breast tenderness and pain (a sensation of heaviness or soreness) -can be cyclic or non-cyclic -cyclic >>tenderness and soreness that radiates to axilia and arm >>caused by monthly hormone changes >>most common in younger females -non-cyclic >>a sharp burning pain that is usually unilateral -most common in women 30-50 y/o

Answer 41

mastalgia

Question 42

What pathology is this? -lactation not associated with childbirth -caused by a variety of hormonal imbalances like pituitary or hypothalamus, systemic diseases, medications, herbs, etc -discharge can be serous or milky

Answer 42

galactorrhea

Question 43

What pathology is this? -enlarged breasts in pre-pubescent females, unknown cause

Answer 43

premature thalarche