Gynecological Exam (Test 2)

Question 1

What is the area called where labia minora joins together anteriorly?

Answer 1

hood

Question 2

What is the area called where labia minora joins together posteriorly?

Answer 2

frenulum

Question 3

What is another name for bartholin’s glands?

Answer 3

vestibular glands

Question 4

What is the male equivalent to bartholin’s glands/ vestibular glands?

test q

Answer 4

cowper’s glands/ bulbourethral glands

Question 5

initial menstrual period between ages 9-17 y/o

Answer 5

menarche

Question 6

absence of menstruation as a result of lack of menarche

Answer 6

amenorrhea

Question 7

pain associated with periods

Answer 7

dysmenorrhea

Question 8

excess bleeding in amount or long number of days

Answer 8

menorrhagia

Question 9

bleeding between periods, associated with benign or malignant conditions

Answer 9

metororrhagia

Question 10

abdominal pain and adnexal (pelvic) tenderness with ovulation on one side

test q

Answer 10

mittleschermetz

Question 11

What is the menstrual history triad?

test q

Answer 11

ask these 3 questions:
1) what age did you get your period?
2) how long does your period last?
3) do you have any premenstrual symptoms like headache, cramping, fatigue, dizziness, or anxiety?

also ask when was last menstrual period (LMP)

Question 12

What position should a female patient be in for a pelvic exam?

Answer 12

lithotomy (supine with their legs bent and raised, usually supported by stirrups)

Question 13

What is another word for vaginal outlet?

Answer 13

introitus

Question 14

What is this?
-yellow cysts on cervix after childbirth
-NORMAL variant

test q

Answer 14

nabothian cysts

Question 15

What should labia majora look like in a woman who has never given birth?

Answer 15

plump and meets at the midline

Question 16

What should labia majora look like after childbirth?

Answer 16

gap apart, shriveled, doesn’t meet at the midline

Question 17

What should the perineum look like in a woman who has never given birth?

Answer 17

thick, smooth, muscular

Question 18

What should the perineum look like after childbirth?

Answer 18

thin and rigid

Question 19

What should the os (opening of the uterine cervix) look like in a woman who has never given birth?

Answer 19

small and round

Question 20

What should the os (opening) of the uterine cervix) look like after childbirth?

Answer 20

horizontal, irregular, possible lacerations

Question 21

What should the cervix and mucosa look like at 2 months pregnant?

test q

Answer 21

blue/purple in color (chadwick’s sign) indicates increased vascularity

Question 22

What should the cervix and mucosa look like post-menopause?

Answer 22

small, pale, shiny

Question 23

What is chadwick’s sign?

test q

Answer 23

darkening of cervix

Question 24

What is goodell’s sign?

test q

Answer 24

softening of cervix (sign of pregnancy)

Question 25

Inspection of the internal anatomy of a woman is done with the use of a?

Answer 25

speculum

Question 26

Fishy vaginal odor is most likely what?

Answer 26

bacterial vaginosis

Question 27

What pathology is this? -small, round nodules -vary in color with a dark punctum marking the blocked opening of the gland test q

Answer 27

epidermoid cyst

Question 28

What pathology is this? -infection of HPV leading to formation of condyloma acuminatum -found on labia and vestibule test q

Answer 28

venereal warts

Question 29

What pathology is this? -primary: chancre, an ulcer, which may be internal and unnoticeable -secondary: condyloma latum -contagious, raised, flat, round, or oval papules covered with a thick exudate

Answer 29

syphilis

Question 30

What pathology is this? -shallow, painful ulcers on a red base -1st infection may cover a fairly large area -subsequent infections may be more localized

Answer 30

type 2 genital herpes

Question 31

What pathology is this? -caused by gonococci or chlamydia trachomatis -gland gets enlarged, tender, red, and may exude pus -actual abscess in the labia -this can be an acute or chronic condition and gland can very in size test q

Answer 31

bartholin gland infection

Question 32

What pathology is this? -a poxvirus that is spread via sexual transmission in adults -painless lesions in genital area that are white or flesh colored and are described as dome shaped, round, or oval papules -spread via direct contact and lesions may last months to years -childhood form is not sexually transmitted and may be seen around the eyes rather than genital area

Answer 32

molluscum contagisum

Question 33

What pathology is this? -bulge of the anterior vaginal wall with the bladder above -causes weak supporting tissue and puts pressure on bladder -the upper 2/3rd of vaginal wall is involved -urinary incontinence occurs test q

Answer 33

cystocele

Question 34

What pathology is this? -bulge of the posterior vaginal wall with rectal wall behind it -causes weak supporting tissue test q

Answer 34

rectocele

Question 35

What pathology is this? -small, red benign tumor at the posterior part of urethral meatus -most common in post-menopausal women and is usually asymptomatic test q

Answer 35

urethral caruncle

Question 36

What pathology is this? -urethral mucosa prolapses causing a red swollen ring around the urethral meatus -usually occurs before menarche or post-menopausal

Answer 36

urethral prolapse

Question 37

What pathology is this? -endometrial tissue grows outside of the uterus -potentially due to retrograde reflux of menstrual tissue from fallopian tubes during menstruation -presents with pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, heavy or prolonged menstrual flow -may lead to infertility -patient also potentially has EDS

Answer 37

endometriosis

Question 38

What pathology is this? -infection of the uterus, fallopian tubes, and other reproductive organs -complication of an STI -may be chronic or acute -may be asymptomatic or symptomatic -foul smelling vaginal discharge, painful intercourse, painful urination, irregular menstrual bleeding, pain in RUQ of abdomen test q

Answer 38

pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

Question 39

What pathology is this? -inflammation of the fallopian tubes often associated with PID -may be chronic or acute -mucopurulent cervical discharge, lower quadrant pain which can be constant, dull, and cramping -pain exaggerated with sexual activity or motion -starts as a vaginal or cervical infection and ascends to upper genital tract -most commonly caused by N. gonorrhea and chlamydia trachomatis test q

Answer 39

salpingitis

Question 40

What 2 bacterial organisms most commonly cause salpingitis? test q

Answer 40

N. gonorrhea and chlamydia trachomatis

Question 41

What is this? -also known as tubal pregnancy -may show bruising around umbilicus -can lead to rupture and is very dangerous -blood goes into peritoneal cavity and causes abdominal pain and tenderness -hemorrhage leads to faintness, syncope, nausea, vomiting, tachycardia, and shock

Answer 41

ectopic pregnancy

Question 42

What pathology is this? -also known as fibroids -common benign uterine tumor -may be single, multiple, and vary in size -they palpate as firm, irregular nodules and may even enlarge the uterus -heavy menses, abdominal cramping, urinary frequency and urgency, constipation, rectal pain, generalized pelvic and/or lower quadrant pain -causes overgrowth of smooth muscle and connective tissue

Answer 42

myoma

Question 43

What is the difference between cysts and tumors on uterus/ovaries?

Answer 43

cysts tend to be smooth and compressible, sudden pain is a sign of a ruptured cyst tumors are more solid than cysts and nodular

Question 44

What pathology is this? -caused by weak supporting structures of pelvic floor -can coexist with cystoceles and rectoceles -occurs in progressive stages due to the distance of prolapse

Answer 44

prolapsed uterus

Question 45

What is this? -uterus is tilted backwards in about 1-5 females -normal variant

Answer 45

retroversion of uterus

Question 46

What is this? -backward angulation of the body of the uterus in relation to cervix -normal variant

Answer 46

retroflexion of the uterus

Question 47

How do you diagnose gonorrhea?

Answer 47

GC culture and DNA probe

Question 48

How do you diagnose chlamydia?

Answer 48

DNA probe

Question 49

How do you diagnose trichomonas vaginalis or a yeast infection?

Answer 49

wet prep with potassium hydroxide

Question 50

How do you diagnose bacterial vaginosis? test q

Answer 50

club cells on a wet mount with potassium hydroxide