Breast Pathology Flashcards Preview

Hugh's Intersystems > Breast Pathology > Flashcards

Flashcards in Breast Pathology Deck (31)
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1
Q

In which age group are fibroadenomas most common?

A

Younger women

2
Q

What is fibrocystic change characterised by?

A

Duct dilation +/- cyst formation

Fibrosis

Adenosis (proliferation of acini)

Apocrine metaplasia

3
Q

What are symptoms of Paget’s disease of the nipple?

A

Inflammation

Erythema

Exudate

4
Q

Is the stroma the same throughout the whole breast?

A

No, the intralobular stroma is different to the interlobular stroma

4
Q

What are possible symptoms of fibrocystic change?

A

Lumps

Discomfort

5
Q

What is an intervention for women who possess BRCA1 mutations?

A

Double mastectomy

6
Q

How does having a high level of oestrogen predispose one to breast cancer?

A

Oestrogen stimulates breast growth > increase risk of DNA mutations

7
Q

What are some clinical signs of breast pathology?

A

Lump/general lumpiness

Discomfort or pain

Nipple colour change/dischrage

Change in the shape of breast

Skin changes

8
Q

What is an in situ carcinomas?

A

Malignant population of cells confined to ducts and/or acini with no invasion through basement membrane

9
Q

Which the most common cause of cancer-related death in women?

A

Lung

11
Q

What is a lobule in the breast composed of?

A

A collection of acini

12
Q

Are fibroadenomas benign or malignant?

A

Benign

13
Q

What is Paget’s disease of the nipple?

A

When malignant cells from a ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) extend up duct to the nipple

14
Q

What happens if you have too many copies of HER2?

A

Cell proliferation due to increased sensitivity to growth factors

14
Q

What is the consequence of clearing all axillary lymph nodes?

A

Oedema of the upper limb

15
Q

What does the incidental findinng of hyperplasia predict?

A

Predicts the subsequent risk of cancer development

16
Q

What is the cell of origin in fibroadenomas?

A

Fibroblasts

16
Q

What is p53 involved in?

A

Cell cycle arrest

DNA repair

17
Q

What is the name of the cells that contract to eject milk from acini?

A

Myoepithelial cells

19
Q

What is the cellular function of the HER2 gene?

A

Epidermal growth factor receptor

20
Q

What is the primary predisposing factor for breast cancer?

A

Age - 70% diagnosed are over 50

21
Q

What is the average age of first diagnosis of breast cancer?

A

60 years

22
Q

What can looking at oestrogen and progestogen receptor number on excised tumour tissue tell you?

A

Predictive of prognosis

Determine whether tamoxifen therapy will be effective

24
Q

What pattern do malignant tumours exhibit on mammograms?

A

Stellate - spicules of tumour radiating out

25
Q

Do fibrous areas in the breast appear more or less dense on mammograms?

A

More

27
Q

What are the two types of invasive carcinomas?

A

Invasive ductal carcinoma: 70-80%

Invasive lobular carcinoma

27
Q

What is the most common type of carcinoma?

A

Invasive ductal carcinoma

28
Q

In which part of the breast do invasive ductal carcinomas most commonly form?

A

Upper outer quadrant

29
Q

What function does BRCA1 and BRCA2 have?

A

Cell cycle arrest

30
Q

Is fibrocystic change physiological or pathological?

A

Physiological

31
Q

Which lymph nodes do invasive carcinomas spread to?

A

Axillary - most common

Supraclavicular

Internal mammary nodes