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Breast pathology Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

C1

A

Unsatisfactory

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2
Q

C2

A

Benign

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3
Q

C3

A

Atypia, probably benign

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4
Q

C4

A

Suspicious of malignancy

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5
Q

C5

A

Malignant

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6
Q

B1

A

Unsatisfactory/normal

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7
Q

B2

A

Benign

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8
Q

B3

A

Atypia, probably benign

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9
Q

B4

A

Suspicious of malignancy

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10
Q

B5

A

Malignant

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11
Q

B5a

A

Carcinoma in situ

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12
Q

B5b

A

Invasive carcinoma

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13
Q

This breast change is associated with:

  • menstrual abnormalities
  • early menarche
  • late menopause
A

Fibrocystic change

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14
Q

When do fibrocystic changes resolve?

A

Usually resolve by themselves after menopause

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15
Q

Age group affected by fibrocystic change?

A

Women aged 20-50

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16
Q

Presentation of fibrocystic change

A 
Presentation
Smooth discrete lumps
Sudden pain
Cyclical pain
Lumpiness
Incidental finding
Screening
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17
Q

Thin walled but may have fibrotic wall

Lined by APOCRINE epithelium

A

Cysts

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18
Q

Circumscribed lesion composed of cell types normal to the breast but present in an abnormal proportion or distribution

A

Hamartoma

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19
Q

Fibroadenomas are commoner in which race?

A

African women

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20
Q

Peak incidence of fibroadenoma?

A

3rd decade

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21
Q

Biphasic tumour

A

Fibroadenoma:

  • epithelial tissue
  • stromal tissue

(Phyllodes also biphasic)

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22
Q

Benign, disorderly proliferation of acini and stroma

A

Sclerosing lesions

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23
Q

Can cause a mass or calcification

May mimic a carcinoma

Study These Flashcards
A

Sclerosing lesions

24
Q

Damage and disruption of adipocytes
Infiltration by acute inflammatory cells
“foamy” macrophages
Subsequent fibrosis and scarring

25
What medication could cause fat necrosis?
Warfarin
26
``` Affects sub-areolar ducts Pain Acute episodic inflammatory changes Bloody and/or purulent D/C Fistulation Nipple retraction and distortion ```
Duct ectasia
27
``` Associated with smoking Sub-areolar duct dilatation Periductal inflammation Periductal fibrosis Scarring and distortion ```
Duct ectasia
28
What is duct ectasia associated with?
Smoking
29
Management for duct ectasia
Treat acute infections Exclude malignancy Stop smoking Excise ducts
30
2 main causes of acute mastitis/abscess?
Duct ectasia: Mixed organisms Anaerobes Lactation: Staph aureus Strep pyogenes
31
What age group are affected by phyllodes tumour?
Age 40-50
32
What does a biphasic tumour contain?
Epithelial and stromal components
33
Papillary fronds containing a fibrovascular core
Intraduct papilloma
34
Covered by myoepithlelium and epithelium
Intraduct papilloma
35
Phyllodes tumours are often benign but what can make them malignant?
If they have a sarcomatous stromal component
36
What could cause a breast angiosarcoma?
Radiation therapy
37
What type of ovarian cancer could metastasise to the breast?
Serous cell
38
What kidney cancer could metastasise to the breast?
Clear cell carcinoma
39
What soft tissue tumour could metastasise to the breast?
Leiomyosarcoma
40
Definition of breast sarcoma?
Malignant proliferation of breast epithelial cells
41
Significance of Lobular in situ neoplasia?
It is a marker of subsequent risk, | it is also a true precursor lesion
42
Difference between atypical lobular hyperplasia and lobular carcinoma in situ?
Atypical lobular hyperplasia - 50% of the lobule involved
43
ER finding in lobular carcinoma?
ER positive
44
E-cadherin finding in lobular carcinoma?
E-cadherin negative
45
Risk of epithelial hyperplasia of usual type progressing to cancer?
2x
46
Risk of atypical ductal hyperplasia progressing to cancer?
4x
47
Risk of ductal carcinoma in situ progressing to cancer?
10x
48
Where doe ductal carcinoma in situ arise from?
TDLU (terminal duct lobular unit)
49
What is pagets disease? Is it in situ?
Pagets disease is when DCIS extends along the ducts to reach the epidermis of the nipple -still in site (i.e. non invasive)
50
Which common drug reduces the risk of breast cancer?
NSAIDS
51
Lifetime risk of breast cancer if you have BRCA 1 / BRCA 2
45-64% life-time risk (v high)
52
Commonest female cancer?
Invasive breast carcinoma
53
Breast cancer prognostic factors
``` ER positive (good response to hormonal therapy) HER 2 positive (good response to trastuzumab/herceptin) ```
54
What does the Nottingham prognostic index look at?
Histopathology only
55
What does the Adjuvant! Online prognostic index look at?
- histopathology - ER - clinical factors
56
What does the PREDICT prognostic index look at?
- histopathology - ER - clinical factors - HER 2 - mode of detection

Anatomy (13 decks)

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