Breathing + Respiration

Question 1

What is the importance of a surface area to volume ratio?

Answer 1

As living organisms get bigger their surface area to volume ratio decreases which makes it difficult to exchange materials with the environment

Question 2

What are the effects of a small surface area to volume ratio?

Answer 2

Gases and food molecules can no longer reach every cell inside the organism by simple diffusion, metabolic waste can’t be removed fast enough to avoid poisoning in the cells.

Question 3

What is the function of the respiratory system?

Answer 3

To ventilate the lungs to allow breathing

Question 4

Where are your lungs found?

Answer 4

Upper part of your body, in the thorax

Question 5

What protects your lungs?

Answer 5

Ribcage

Question 6

What separates your lungs from digestive organs?

Answer 6

Diaphragm

Question 7

Why is the respiratory system important?

Answer 7

It takes air into and out of the body so that oxygen from air can diffuse into the bloodstream and carbon dioxide can diffuse out of the bloodstream into the air

Question 8

What happens during inhalation?

Answer 8

Intercostal muscles contract
Ribs move upwards and out
Diaphragm contracts/flattens
Volume of thorax increases
Pressure decreases
Air moves in

Question 9

What happens during the process of exhalation?

Answer 9

Intercostal muscles relax
Ribs move in and downwards
Diaphragm relaxes (domes up)
Volume of thorax decreases
Pressure increases
Air moves out

Question 10

How are alveoli in the lungs adapted for gas exchange?

Answer 10

Alveoli have a large surface area, they have a rich blood supply due to blood capillaries, thin walls made of flattened cells.

Question 11

When must artificial breathing aids be used?

Answer 11

When spontaneous breathing of patient is stopped due to disease or injury

Question 12

What are the two main types of mechanical ventilators?

Answer 12

Negative pressure ventilators, positive pressure ventilators

Question 13

What is the function of negative pressure ventilators?

Answer 13

Allow air to be drawn into the lungs which is exhaled passively as chest collapses down

Question 14

How do negative pressure ventilators work?

Answer 14

Patient lays in a metal cylinder with head sticking out
There is tight seal around the neck
Air is pumped out of the chamber which lowers pressure inside to form a vacuum

Question 15

What is the function of positive pressure ventilators?

Answer 15

They force a carefully measured breath into lungs to inflate them, air pressure stops and lungs deflate to force air out

Question 16

How do positive pressure ventilators work?

Answer 16

They can be given by a face mask or a tube going down the trachea.

Question 17

What is the benefit of full scale positive pressure ventilators?

Answer 17

They help patients stay alive during major surgery

Question 18

What are the 2 types of cellular respiration?

Answer 18

Aerobic and anaerobic respiration

Question 19

What is aerobic respiration?

Answer 19

Breaking down of glucose using oxygen

Question 20

What is anaerobic respiration?

Answer 20

It is the breaking down of glucose without the presence of oxygen

Question 21

What is the word equation of aerobic respiration?

Answer 21

Glucose + oxygen —> carbon dioxide + water

Question 22

What is the symbol equation of aerobic respiration?

Answer 22

C6 H12 O6 + 6 O2 —> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O

Question 23

In which organism does aerobic respiration take place?

Answer 23

It takes place continuously in both plants and animals

Question 24

Where does aerobic respiration take place?

Answer 24

Inside the mitochondria

Question 25

How is the energy transfer during respiration used?

Answer 25

To build larger molecules from smaller ones To enable muscle contraction in animals To maintain a steady body temperature in colder surroundings in mammals and birds To build up nutrients into amino acids so they they can build up into proteins

Question 26

What changes occur during exercise on a human body?

Answer 26

Heart rate increases, this increases blood flow to the muscles Rate and depth of breathing increases Glycogen stored in the muscles turns back into glucose

Question 27

What is anaerobic respiration

Answer 27

Incomplete breakdown of glucose without oxygen

Question 28

What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration?

Answer 28

Glucose —> lactic acid

Question 29

What is the symbol equation for anaerobic respiration?

Answer 29

C6 H12 O6 —-> 2C3 H6 O3

Question 30

What happens when muscles respire anaerobically?

Answer 30

Lactic acid builds up due to the incomplete breakdown of glucose

Question 31

What is an oxygen debt?

Answer 31

An oxygen debt needs to be repaid to oxidize the lactic acid and turn it into carbon dioxide and water

Question 32

Which type of respiration requires more energy?

Answer 32

Aerobic respiration requires more energy as in anaerobic respiration the breakdown of glucose is incomplete

Question 33

Why do muscles become fatigued during vigorous activity?

Answer 33

The build up of lactic acid causes muscle fatigue, bloood flowing through the muscles removes the lactic acid

Question 34

What happens when anaerobic respiration takes place in plants/other microorganisms?

Answer 34

It results in the production of ethanol and carbon dioxids

Question 35

What is fermentation and its uses?

Answer 35

Fermentation is anaerobic respiration which takes place in plants and yeast cells. The products of fermentation are important in manufacturing of bread and alcoholic drinks