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Mar 377 > Breeding Biology II > Flashcards

Breeding Biology II Flashcards

Mate Selection, Displays, and Site and Mate Fidelity

1
Q

What are the benefits of monogamy?

A
  • Biparental care
  • Maximize efficiency of pair as one unit
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2
Q

What are factors of mate selection?

A
  1. Experience
    - Better foraging skills
  2. Territory
    - Breeding success may vary among mating sites
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3
Q

What does the optimal age of mates depend on? Why?

A
  • Residual reproductive vale (expected amount of reproductive output remaining in an individuals life)
  • Duration of pair bond is maximized
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4
Q

What are some trade-offs with residual reproductive value?

A
  1. Younger individuals = more reproductive cycles
  2. Older individuals = more experienced
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5
Q

What is the “good genes” hypothesis?

A

Birds should seek mates whose genotype will provide offspring with the best combination of genes (ex: foraging skills, resource provisioning etc.)

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6
Q

What are indicators of good genes?

A
  • Body mass and condition
  • Date of return to colony (higher quality mates return earlier)
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7
Q

What is the threshold of mate quality?

A

It is better to mate with someone who is good enough rather than look for the best possible mate

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8
Q

What is the trade-off of searching for the best possible mate?

A

Limited amount of breeding time

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9
Q

What are some examples of displays?

A
  • Calls or postures (ex: blue footed booby “skypointing”)
  • Visual (ex: great frigatebird gular sac and vocalization)
  • Ritualized and elaborate (ex: tropicbird ritualized flight and vocalization)
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10
Q

What are the functions of displays?

A
  • Find a mate
  • Strengthen pair bond
  • Defend territory
  • Communicate intentions to neighbors
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11
Q

What are the roles of males and females in displays?

A

Both play similar roles

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12
Q

What is site fidelity?

A

Returning to the same breeding site for more than one season

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13
Q

What are some benefits of site fidelity?

A
  • Increased breeding success
  • Better knowledge of neighbors and potential mates
  • Dominance in territorial contests
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14
Q

What are some constraints of site fidelity?

A
  • Low breeding success when remaining at poor quality site
  • Failure to breed when remaining in the same territory after the loss of a mate
  • Territorial defense = costly
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15
Q

What is mate fidelity?

A

Breeding with the same mate

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16
Q

What are some benefits of mate fidelity?

A
  • Enhanced reproductive performance
  • Higher life expectancy
  • Better coordination between mates
  • Easier to reunite, higher fledgling success
  • Lay eggs earlier
  • Experienced pairs = higher breeding success
17
Q

What is the correlation between long-lived species and fidelity?

A

Long-lived species show high site and mate fidelity

18
Q

What are some constraints of mate fidelity?

A
  • One partner must remain with offspring while the other must return to the nest before its mate exhausts its body reserves
  • Low quality mates = costly
  • Widowers and divorcees = costly
19
Q

What are some life history characteristics that are associated with fidelity?

A
  • High longevity
  • Reduced fecundity
  • Low reproductive effort
  • Maximize fitness
  • Optimize reproductive outputs
20
Q

How does the duration of foraging trips affect the evolution of life histories?

A

The farther from shore that a species feeds the higher the cost of chick rearing and the lower the fecundity

21
Q

What are some constraints of biparental care?

A
  • The egg must be incubated
  • Long duration of foraging trips
22
Q

What is an important prerequisite to nest / mate fidelity?

A

Individual recognition / chick recognition

23
Q

Why is chick recognition important?

A

You want to enhance your own genes, not someone else’s by mistake

24
Q

What are characteristics of mate recognition

A
  • Visual
  • Vocal
  • Olfactory
25
Q

Describe the two-voice recognition system in penguins

A
  • Syrinx: two-part organ at the junction of the bronchi
  • Two acoustic sources
  • Chicks respond to two-voice signals only
  • Two-voice system contains identity code
26
Q

How does monogamy and mate fidelity increase fitness?

A
  • Less male-male competition
  • Sharing of parental duties
27
Q

What are some benefits of divorce?

A

Acquisition of a better mate which could lead to higher reproductive performance

28
Q

What are some constraints of divorce?

A
  • Must spend time and energy to find a new mate
  • Lower breeding success in new pairs
29
Q

What are some benefits of site change?

A
  • Acquisition of higher quality site
  • Increased breeding success
30
Q

What are some constraints of site change?

A
  • Lower breeding success
  • Risk of finding oneself without territory
  • Settling on a new site = costly

Mar 377 (16 decks)

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