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Zootech 105 Swine > Breeds and Breeding > Flashcards

Breeds and Breeding Flashcards

(80 cards)

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1
Q

The domestic pig originated from the?

A

Eurasian wild boar (Sus
scrofa)

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2
Q

Large drooping ears and slanting forward, a small head. The neck and body are long and narrow in the withers to the brisket. white, meat-typeof pig (freckles may appear).

A

Landrace

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3
Q

Purebred landrace are prone to what skin condition?

A

Sunburn

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4
Q

Varieties of landrace

A

Scandinavian (Denmark, Norway, Sweden,
France) Belgian, Dutch and German Landrace

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5
Q

A variety of landrace who’s long bodied, quite lean, acceptably prolific, but not muscular, selected for bacon production

A

Scandinavian

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6
Q

A variety of landrace with white lop ears, less prolific but noted for being muscular and leaner meat, however prone to PSE.

A

Belgian, Dutch and German Landrace

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7
Q

_______ landrace types are more commonly used as female lines

A

Scandinavian

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8
Q

_______ types of landrace are used as top crossing lines

A

Belgian, Dutch, German

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9
Q

White, meat type of pig with medium, erect ears, curved back and body inclining forward. The face is slightly dished. Fast growing, good feed converter, highly prolific, and excellent milkerswith superior mothering ability. Its carcass is also suited for bacon production.

A

Large white/Yorkshire

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10
Q

Large white/Yorkshire originated from?

A

England

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11
Q

Meat type , red pig (gold to yellow)
with a set of small , forward ears, 2/3
erect and 1/3 hanging. Black flecks may
appear on the body. It has a good body constitution, strong legs, mothering ability and fast grower. This breed adapts well to
rugged conditions.

A

Duroc

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12
Q

Duroc originated from?

A

USA

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13
Q

Pricked ear, black meat type of pig with white-belted body from the shoulder to the front legs. It is smaller in size with strong, short legs and erect ears.

A

Hampshire

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14
Q

Hampshire originated from?

A

England

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15
Q

A very meaty type of pig with spotted black and white color. It has well-shaped hams, loin and shoulders. Ears are erect. The carcass has a high lean meat percentage. Only worthwhile in crosses but not as purebreds

A

Pietrain

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16
Q

Pietrain originated from?

A

Belgium

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17
Q

A black, dual type of pig with 6 white points (end of nose, bottom of each leg and at the end of tail). It has a wide, dish shaped face, short snout and medium size erect ears. The breed is of medium size with long body which is inclined forward. The carcass quality is excellent.

A

Berkshire

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18
Q

Berkshire originated from?

A

England

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19
Q

small to medium-sized breed with
large drooping ears, and wrinkled
black skin, particularly so on the face. slow growing and fat, but have a very
good taste, resistant to some diseases , are able to consume large amounts of roughage

A

Meishan

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20
Q

Meishan originated from?

A

China

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21
Q

Perhaps one of the most prolific breeds of pig in the world, a large litter size of 15-16 pigs.

A

Meishan

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22
Q

These white hogs with droopy, medium-sized ears are known for their mothering ability, durability and soundness. Packers also tout their muscle quality

A

Chester White

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23
Q

Chester White originated from?

A

Chester County, Pa., USA

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24
Q

These hogs are typically black, sometimes with six white patches, and are known for their large size. Characteristic of maximum weight at any given age. Excellent feeders feeders and they gain readily readily under conditions conditions of good care and management. Quiet in their dispositions and are rugged in their constitutions. Very substantial bone and for being sound in its feet and legs.

A

Poland China

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25
Guinness Book of World Records listed “Big Bill”, a ___________ breed, as the world’s largest pig, 2552 lbs.
Poland China
26
Has black and white spots with no red or brown tints, and drooping ears. Spots have continued to improve in feed efficiency, rate of gain, and carcass quality.Spots are popular for their ability to transmit their fast-gaining, feed efficient, meat qualities to their offspring
Spotted
27
Spotted is a descendant of what breed?
Poland China
28
Which breeds originated from England?
Large White/Yorkshire, Hampshire, Berkshire
29
Which breeds originated from the USA?
Chester White, Duroc Jersey
30
The result of the amalgamation of two similar breeds, the Essex and Wessex Saddleback.
Saddleback
31
Striking color marking of a white belt on a black body, the coloring of the modern day. the belt is a marking of low heritability.
Saddleback
32
Developed into its present form in New Zealand, but certainly of Asian origin.
Kunekune
33
Relatively small and highly distinctive, characterized physically by a short-legged, dumpy build, pot tummy, short upturned upturned nose, and a generally fat, rounded appearance.
Kunekune
34
A unique feature is the ‘tassels’ which hang from the lower jaw.
Kunekune
35
Varieties of the Philippine Native Pig
Ilocos, Jalajala (Rizal)
36
Cross of berkshire and jalajala
Berkjala
37
Found in Batangas and the result of breeding between the native pig and the Duroc Jersey
Kaman
38
A cross between the native pig in Batangas and the Berkshire pig
Diani
39
A cross between the native pig and the Berkshire or Poland China breeds
Black Ilocos Strain
40
Jin-Soo Kim used a gene-editing technology called a TALEN, which consists of a DNA-cutting enzyme attached to a DNA-binding binding protein protein. Theprotein guides the cutting enzyme to a specific gene inside cells, in this case in "Myostatin", rendering the gene dysfunctional
Double-muscled Pig
41
The "Enviropig" has been genetically modified in such a manner that its urine and feces contain almost 65 percent less phosphorus than usual.
Yorkshire-Canada
42
Pigs of either sex, usually weigh more than 50kg
Hogs
43
Female parent
Dam
44
Male parent
Sire
45
The number of offspring produced at one birth by an animal
Litter size
46
The number of litters they have farrowed
Parity
47
The period from one farrowing to the next
Farrowing interval
48
The average number of times sows farrow in a year
Farrowing or Litter Index
49
These performance traits are ranked "medium" in the level of heritability
Post-weaning rate at growth, Feed efficiency
50
These performance traits are ranked "high" in the level of heritability
Length of body, Length of legs, Loin eye areas, Ham weight, Shoulder wt, Fat cuts, Lean cut
51
These performance traits are ranked "low" in the level of heritability
Number of vertebrae, Litter size at weaning, Litter size at birth, Litter wt at weaning
52
Breeding of 2 or more different breeds of animals
Cross breeding
53
Goals of cross-breeding
a) to obtain hybrid vigor or heterosis which is the superiority exhibited by the crossbred individuals over the average of the parental breeds; and b) to bring together the desirable characteristics of the parental breeds.
54
Breeding of closely-related animals. This is done to purify the blood line of the animals animals since the similarity of the animals within the group is increased. Continuous inbreeding (without proper selection) is not recommendable due to its negative effect on the production performance of the animal.
Inbreeding
55
Mating between animals, which are closely related to each other that the averagerelationship between all individuals in the population.
Purebreeding
56
Mating between full siblings or between parents and progeny.
Close inbreeding
57
The F1 females are back crossed to one of the parental populations. For example, A x B females are mated with A or B to produce an offspring AB x A or AB x B. This method takes full advantage of heterosis in the F1 females and half of the potential heterosis in the offspring.
Back crossing
58
Mild form of inbreeding. Mating of cousins, grandparent to grand offspring or half brother to half sister.
Linebreeding
59
-mating of animals of different families within the same breed that are not closely related. (for at least the first 4-6 generation)
Out crossing
60
different populations can be crossed with each other to produce an F1 generation which is mainly used for production purposes purposes and not for breeding.
Single two-way crosses-2
61
This system relies on the crossing of 2 breeds A and B to produce a female excelling in maternal performance in a particular environment and the use of a 3rd environment and the use of a 3 breed to rd breed to produced the ideal animal for the market products
3 way cross
62
Populations A and B are first crossed with each other, and so are C and D to obtain the F1 generation A x B and C x D. These are then crossed together to produce the double hybrid AB x CD.
4 way cross
63
The F1 females are back crossed to one of the parental populations. For example, A x B females are mated with A or B to produce an offspring AB x A or AB x B. This method takes full advantage of heterosis in the F1 females and half of the potential heterosis in the offspring.
Back cross
64
long life or more than
> 18 PWPY, long life or more than
65
good ADG
650g
66
good FCR
3.0
67
good carcass quality of the offspring
>6 litters
68
The period between weaning and the next service. After weaning, a sow is expected to come into heat within 3 to 10 days.
Dry period
69
Sow pregnancy period
114 day (109-120 days) 3 mo 3 w and 3 days
70
Lactation period
28 to 42 days, Common practice is 30 days.
71
Heat
3 weeks / 21 days, can range from 16-25
72
Estrous/Heat cycle
18-21 days
73
A period of sexual receptivity and ovulation during which the female will accept the male and is capable of conceiving (6-8 months)
Estrus
74
Occurs at about 6 months of age and about 100-120 kg in gilts
Pubertal Estrus
75
Signs of heat/Estrus
Reddish pink, slightly swollen vulva Slight mucous discharges Pricked ears or ears pop up Glazed eyes  Tail upright and flicking up and down  Other gilts attempt to ride her and becomes immobile  Actively seeks and stands still in the presence of the boar or Nervous (biting at bars, standing when other sows are lying down)  Roaring  Off feed or reduced feed intake  Positive standing response to riding on the back and haunch pressure tests  Standing reflex
76
Used in part to spread pheromones near gilts and sows
Teaser boars
77
Apply pressure to the back and flanks of the female pig; do this at the same time as renewed boar presence. Receptive females will stand rigid and ears often prick up. The ultimate sign that confirms a gilt or sow is in estrus is immobilization or “standing” in response to back-pressure from a boar, another gilt or sow, or from a person
Haunch pressure test and Back-pressure
78
An artificial insemination technician carries with him a squirt bottle filled with semen from an old ejaculate or seminal fluid from a new ejaculate. This is squeezed on the snout of the gilt or sow in heat
Semen on Snout Test
79
Insemination or service must take place between _________?
0-24 hrs before ovulation
80
If a sow fails to conceive after service, she is expected to repeat or to come into heat _______ after the unsuccessful service.
3 weeks

Zootech 105 Swine (7 decks)

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