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Zootech 105 Swine > Physiology of Reproduction (Breeding and Mating) > Flashcards

Physiology of Reproduction (Breeding and Mating) Flashcards

1
Q

A structure in the brain that secretes GnRH

A

Hypothalamus

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2
Q

What hormone regulates the anterior
pituitary gland to secrete FSH (Follicle
Stimulating Hormone) and LH (Luteinizing
Hormone) into the blood which stimulates the
production production of the ovarian ovarian hormones, hormones, estrogen estrogen
and progesterone, which in turn regulate the
reproductive process.

A

gonadotropin releasing hormone

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3
Q

Oxytocin is released from?

A

Posterior pituitary gland

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4
Q

The primary structures of the
female reproductive tract

A

Ovaries

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5
Q

Each ovary is surrounded by a thin
membrane called

A

infundibulum

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6
Q

Acts as a
funnel to collect ova and divert
them to the oviduct.

A

infundibulum

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7
Q

Is about 6-10 inches long and acts
as the site of fertilization.

A

Oviduct

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8
Q

in this area where
the sperm remain viable and with
fecundating capacity about 24
hours, forming the sperm reservoir

A

Isthmus

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9
Q

They act as a passageway for sperm to reach the
oviduct and are the site of
fetal development.

A

Uterine Horn

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10
Q

Small
compared to some other
species, is located at the
junction of the two uterine
horns.

A

Uterine body

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11
Q

a muscular
junction between the
vagina and uteri. It is the
site of semen deposition
during natural mating and
AI. It is dilated during heat
(estrus) but constricted
during the remainder of
the estrous cycle and
during pregnancy.

A

Cervix

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12
Q

extends from the cervix to the vulva
and serves as copulatory organ, a passageway forurine and the piglets at birth.

A

Vagina

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13
Q

The bladder is
connected to the
vagina by the?

A

urethra

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14
Q

The external portion of the reproductive tract. It is vascularized, often
becomes red and swollen just prior to estrus and this swollen
condition is usually more pronounced in gilts than in sows and
it serves as one more tool to detect if a sow is in heat.

A

Vulva

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15
Q

Found at the bottom part of the vulva, when stimulated may induce hormones responsible for
initiating muscular contractions in the reproductive tract

A

Clitoris

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16
Q

Produces sperm in the
semeniferous tubules;
produces testosterone

A

Testis

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17
Q

Protects testis and regulates
temperature of testis

A

Scrotum

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18
Q

Sperm maturation; storage; transport

A

Epididymis

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19
Q

Passageway for urine and semen

A

Urethra

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20
Q

Aids in erection

A

Sigmoid flexure

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21
Q

Semen delivery to cervix

A

Glans penis

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22
Q

produce the largest portion of seminal fluid
(energy sources, buffers and ions).

A

Seminal vesicle

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23
Q

Flushing out urine and any bacteria in the tract before entry of sperm into the
urethra

A

Prostate

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24
Q

gelatin plug or
tapioca

A

Cowpers gland or bulbo urethral gland

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25
Q

It is stimulated by GnRH to produce two hormones, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle
stimulating hormone (FSH), collectively referred to as gonadotropins.

A

Pituitary gland

26
Q

Increasing estrogen secretion as the oocyte and
follicle mature towards ovulation (release of the
egg)

A

Follicular phase

27
Q

Increasing progesterone from development of
corpus luteum. Phase of physiological changes surrounding
the determination of pregnancy.

A

Luteal phase

28
Q

Stage of follicular phase where estrogen and follicle stimulating hormone
(FSH) are secreted increasing in preparation for
estrus. Small pulses of luteinizing hormone (LH) also
begin to be released.

A

Proestrus

29
Q

Stage of follicular phase where
oocyte has reached maturity. Estrogen, FSH, and LH
secretion peaks, causing the follicle to rupture and
ovulation to occur.

A

Estrus

30
Q

estrogen, LH, and FSH have all
declined and the female is no longer sexually receptive to the boar. The ovarian follicles, which
released oocytes during ovulation, begin the process of luteinization to become the corpus
hemmorhagicum, and then the corpus luteum. With the formation of the corpus luteum (CL, or
‘yellow body’) progesterone secretion begins

A

Metestrus

31
Q

the longest stage of the estrous cycle because recognition of pregnancy
happens during this phase.

A

Diestrus

32
Q

Hormone released by the uterus to regress the corpus luteum

A

Prostaglandin

33
Q

Hormone that maintains pregnancy

A

Progesterone

34
Q

Physiological changes spermatozoa must undergo in order to have the ability to
penetrate and fertilize an egg.

A

Capacitation

35
Q

T or F: Gilts generally remain in heat longer than mature sows.

A

False

36
Q

A part of the estrus period when the animal is
accepting the boar but negative to the care taker’s test

A

Boar Phase I

37
Q

The same with Boar Phase I except that it is after the insemination phase.

A

Boar Phase II

38
Q

Period when the animal will show
positive reaction to the boar and the caretaker

A

Insemination Phase

39
Q

The blastocyst enter the uterus, about _ days after fertilization

A

2 days

40
Q

One of the most critical periods of pregnancy is from
approximately _______ after mating

A

day 11-16

41
Q

Generally, the presence
of at least ____ blastocysts are
required in order for pregnancy
to continue.

A

5 blastocycsts

42
Q

fetal period begins at
approximately day ___?

A

day 36

43
Q

T or F: Embryos which die before day 35 are usually reabsorbed by the dam

A

True

44
Q

Advantages of early pregnancy detection

A

 To cull or re-bred non-pregnant
 Feed wasting females
 It gives early warning of breeding troubles such as
infantile boars and cystic ovaries, and
 It enables the producer to make more effective
use of his breeding facilities and to plan more
adequately for farrowing, nursing and finishing

45
Q

T or F: Pregnant gilts or sows are moved from gestating
house to the farrowing house.

A

True

46
Q

Hormone that causes
contractions of smooth muscles in the milk glands
(milk letdown) and in the uterus (expulsion of piglets)

A

Oxytocin

47
Q

Fetal feces

A

meconium

48
Q

Failure of the
uterus to properly contract
during parturition

A

Uterine inertia

49
Q

condition where shortly after farrowing
blood vessels inside the vulva rupture, due to stretching, pressure or trauma to the tissues

A

Vulval hematoma

50
Q

Treatment for bleeding or Hemorrhage

A

Vitamin K1 (phytonadione)
at 2.5 mg/kg

51
Q

This minimizes tail biting problems later on during the weaning or fattening
stages.

A

Tail docking

52
Q

How many mg of iron should
be given to piglet?

A

For 3 day old piglets, it should be 50mg/ml

53
Q

At birth, the piglets have __ mg iron reserves

A

50mg

54
Q

The piglet requires _ mg or Fe/day during the 1st week and __ mg at 3 weeks

A

7mg, 10mg

55
Q

The toxic dose of iron in piglets

A

600mg/kg bodyweight

56
Q

Iron toxicity may be prevented through injecting deficient sows with __ and ___ during pregnancy.

A

Vitamin E and selenium

57
Q

helps identify a pig’s litter and which one of the litter it is, giving each pig a unique identity
numberA V-notcher (top) used to notch the ears of small piglets for identification (bottom)

A

Ear notching

58
Q

a method of
animal identification that can
be used to measure
performance, track
treatments and withdrawal
records, increase the
accuracy of record keeping,
track stock inventory and
identify individual animals

A

Ear tagging

59
Q

 one of the easiest and
most reliable forms of
permanent animal
identification. One
disadvantage is that the
identification mark
cannot be read easily
from a distance and may
require a secondary
method of identification,
such as an ear tag

A

Ear tattooing

60
Q

Piglets are sometimes born
with weak leg muscles and
are not able to stand and walk properly such that their
hind legs slip sideways. These
hind legs slip sideways. These
piglets sit characteristically
with their hand legs spread apart.

A

Splay legs

61
Q

Feed/day (kg) given in stage 5 of pregnancy

A

None

Zootech 105 Swine (7 decks)

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