Brezhnev

Question 1

how did brezhnev portray his cult of personality

Answer 1

as a leninist, military hero and committed to world peace

Question 2

why did B’s cult of personality inspire cynicism

Answer 2

he wasn’t what he claimed to be - was mocked for it

Question 3

why did B lose control of the media

Answer 3

growth in the black market,

Question 4

what continuity was there from lenin to brezhnev with media

Answer 4

KGB’s policed political publications continued

Question 5

why did the growth in the black market for media undermine communism

Answer 5

showed the west and a life with luxury goods

Question 6

what did brezhnev keep very tight control over on tv

Answer 6

hid the truth and footage from the afghan war

Question 7

why did media become a problem for B’s personal power

Answer 7

his speeches were filmed, showing him as a physically ill man struggling with his words

Question 8

how did b end campaigns against religion

Answer 8

• reopened churches
• ended anti-religious propaganda

Question 9

what percentage of people had faith under b

Answer 9

20%

Question 10

how did b describe islam

Answer 10

as ‘progressive and revolutionary’

Question 11

what did b open in 1968

Answer 11

institute for scientific atheism

Question 12

what was b’s approach to religion

Answer 12

ended overtly hostile campaigns but still favoured atheism

Question 13

what was the name of the cheka 1954-1991

Answer 13

KGB

Question 14

what was b’s approach to the secret police

Answer 14

no return to terror - max control with min violence

Question 15

who was andropov

Answer 15

head of the KGB

Question 16

who were dissidents

Answer 16

intellectuals, political opponents, religious opponents, nationalists

Question 17

why did b not like intellectuals

Answer 17

they had high status, had independent ways of thinking often coming up against policies

Question 18

who was andrei sakharov

Answer 18

a nuclear scientist

Question 19

what did sakharov do

Answer 19

wrote to b detailing irritation with the system and his policies

Question 20

what did b do to sakharov

Answer 20

banned him from military research, from travelling and work

Question 21

what methods did b use against the dissidents

Answer 21

• deportation
• arrest
• harrassment
• surveillance
• internal exile

Question 22

how many dissidents were deported

Answer 22

10,000

Question 23

why is sakharov an example of internal exile

Answer 23

in 1980 he was sent to gorky = random, underpopulated area of russia

Question 24

what was set up in 1967

Answer 24

directorate V

Question 25

what was directorate v

Answer 25

a branch of the KGB to deal with dissidents

Question 26

why did the dissidents not pose a big threat

Answer 26

they were a collection of individuals rather than a group

Question 27

what evidence is there that the dissidents didn't pose a bit internal threat

Answer 27

1968 organised a public protest at the Red Square - only 7 turned up

Question 28

how many dissidents were imprisoned 1965-67

Answer 28

171

Question 29

how many dissidents were imprisoned 1968-1970

Answer 29

528

Question 30

how were high profile dissidents dealth with

Answer 30

had permission to emigrate

Question 31

how were low profile dissidents dealt with

Answer 31

psychiatric repression (repressive psychiatry)

Question 32

what was psychiatric repression

Question 33

how did the dissidents embarrass russia internationally

Answer 33

the records of court cases were smuggled into the west - so people could see their bad treatment and human rights violationw

Question 34

what was social malaise

Answer 34

a loss of faith in the system

Question 35

why was social malaise growing in the late 1970s

Answer 35

- standard of living remained low - consumer goods availability is low - bad employment opportunites - bad promotion opportunities

Question 36

what did social malaise lead to an increase in

Answer 36

- alcoholism - poor labour discipline - black market

Question 37

how was the secret police used against social malaise

Answer 37

clamp down on alcholism and absenteeism = checks in factories, searches for missing workers

Question 38

who visited factories in moscow in 1983

Answer 38

andropov - leader of the KGB

Question 39

why did andropov visit factories

Answer 39

believed the way to deal with social malaise was to understand society

Question 40

why did andropov's visit fail

Answer 40

people were scared of him as leader of the KGB and he lacked charm

Question 41

how did b target social malaise through changing the structure of the gov

Answer 41

promoted younger and new advisors who were more in touch with reality

Question 42

what happened to culture under b

Answer 42

it became nostalgic

Question 43

what was b critical about k over

Answer 43

his willingness to publish works that exposed the difficulties of soviet life

Question 44

what did b attempt to do to art

Answer 44

revive faith and interst in the rev

Question 45

what type of art what a source of national pride

Answer 45

the Bolshoi Ballet

Question 46

when was the sinyavsky-daniel trial

Answer 46

1966

Question 47

when were sinyavsky and daniel arrested

Answer 47

sept 1965

Question 48

why were sinyavsky and daniel arrested

Answer 48

for producing 'anti soviet agitation and propaganda'

Question 49

what type of trial was the sinyavsky-daniel trial

Answer 49

show trial

Question 50

what was b's motivation for the sinyavsky-daniel trial

Answer 50

in 1965 a KGB report showed there were over 10,000 anti-soviet documents - b wanted to show the thaw was over

Question 51

how many anti-soviet documents did the KGB find in 1965

Answer 51

over 10,000

Question 52

what punishments did sinyavsky and daniel get

Answer 52

sinyavsky - 7 years labour camp daniel - 5 years labour camp

Question 53

why was the sinyavsky-daniel trial significant

Answer 53

- the only evidence against them were their own writings - revived stalinist ways of dealing with issues

Question 54

when was brodsky released from prison

Answer 54

1965

Question 55

why did b release some artists who had been imprisoned in k time

Answer 55

international outrage at the persecution

Question 56

how many dissidents recieved repressive psychiatric treatment

Answer 56

7000-8000

Question 57

what was the impact of the prague spring on b

Answer 57

confirmed his view that cultural liberalisation was a danger

Question 58

what was the impact of the prague spring on culture

Answer 58

- became more nostalgic - WW2 - increased pressure on artists to conform