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H - Russia, Control > Stalin > Flashcards

Stalin Flashcards

(86 cards)

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1
Q

how many phases were there to stalin’s cult of personality

A

4

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2
Q

what was the first phase of stalin’s cult of personality and when was it

A

1924-1929, origins of the cult

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3
Q

what was the second phase of stalin’s cult of personality and when was it

A

1929-1933, cult underway

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4
Q

what was the third phase of stalin’s cult of personality and when was it

A

1933-1939, cult fully establsihed

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5
Q

what was the fourth phase of stalin’s cult of personality and when was it

A

1945-1953, height of cult

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6
Q

how did stalin present himself in the first stage of his cult of personality

A

modest, disciple of lenin

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7
Q

how did stalin present himself in the second stage of his cult of personality

A

faithful pupil of lenin, but begisn detaching himself from lenin

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8
Q

how did stalin present himself in the third stage of his cult of personality

A

omnipotent, strong, vohzd (leader)

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9
Q

how did stalin present himself in the final stage of his cult of personality

A

infallible, Generalissimo (after the war), god like

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10
Q

what slogans supported stalins cult of personality

A

‘stalin is the lenin of today’

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11
Q

what title did stalin give himself as part of his cult of personality

A

gardner of human happiness

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12
Q

give an example of how stalin’s title as gardner of human happiness impacted children

A

slogan of ‘thank you stalin for my happy childhood’ in nurseries

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13
Q

which town did stalin rename and when

A

1925, renamed tsaritsyn to stalingrad

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14
Q

what did glavlit do under stalin

A

suppress all bad news (even weather), censor rivals work and promote own ideology

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15
Q

in 1928 what did glavlit get access to

A

economic data

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16
Q

what impact did glavlit have on soviet history

A

helped stalin rewrite history so that he appeared to play a bigger and better role

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17
Q

how did the closure of churches stay the same under stalin

A

collectivisation kept them shut

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18
Q

how did the aim to reduce religion stay the same under stalin

A

athiest 5 year plans - eliminate all religious expression

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19
Q

when were the purges to clergymen

A

1936-37

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20
Q

between 1927 and 1940 how did the number of orthodox churches change

A

from 30,000 to less than 500

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21
Q

what alliance did stalin make during the war to do with religion

A

pragmatic alliance with the orthodox church to try and boost morale and encourage them to fight

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22
Q

what did the leader of the orthodox church say about stalin during the war

A

‘stalin is god’s chosen leader’

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23
Q

what change was made to religious suppression after the war

A

anti-religious propagnda stopped and censorship ended

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24
Q

how many churches reopened in 1945

A

414

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25
what was stalin's approach to religion
pragmatic
26
what was the name for the cheka 1922-1934
OGPU
27
what was the name for the check 1934-1941
NKVD
28
what was the name for the cheka 1941-1946
NKGB
29
what was the name of the checka 1946-1954
MGB
30
who led the NKVD 1934-36
Yagoda
31
who led the NKVD 1936-38
Yezhov
32
who led the NKVD 1938-53
Beria
33
what did yagoda oversee
start of great terror, trial of the 16
34
what did yezhov oversee
acceleration of the great terror, trial of 17 and 21, purge of red army
35
what did beria oversee
murder of trotsky, post war terror
36
how did yagoda change the gulags
- rapid expansion - transformation to support industrialisation
37
give an example of how yagoda transformed the gulags
ordered the white sea canal to be built - 141 miles long - 180,000 prisoners - 10,000 dead - dug by hand - only 3.5 metres deep so useless for shipping
38
why was yagoda removed a leader of the NKVD
accused of incompetence in safeguarding kirov and not being enthusiastic enough
39
what is yezhov known for
yezhovchina
40
give an example of the way yezhov accelerated terror
sept 1937 231 prisoners were arrested a day
41
how did yezhov increase terror in gulags
set high quotas for executions - some officers executed to meet the quotas
42
how did yezhov increase public surveillance
quadrupled the number of detectives
43
how did yezhov generally increase terror
widened opponents to 'anyone who didn't show enough commitment to the rev'
44
why did yezhov lose his position as leader of the NKVD
declining health
45
what was beria's nickname
the bloody dwarf
46
why was beria nicknamed the bloody dwarf
would go to politburo meetings with blood on his cuffs
47
why did beria lose his position as head of the NKVD
arrested and executed for treason and terrorism
48
when was the doctor's plot
1952-1953
49
what was the doctors plot
most of stalin's medical staff were arrested for trying to poison him - all released after he died
50
what was the 1949 leningrad affair
a purge against party officials
51
how many people did beria arrest during the leningrad affair
200 - most were beria's rivals
52
what post war terror did beria use
interrogated 1.5 million soviet prisoners of war
53
why did stalin have a problem with soviet prisoners of war
saw them as traitors for not fighting to the death
54
during the war why did beria use so much terro
targeted all those he believed were likely to back russia's enemies in the war
55
in 1942 what did beria orchestrate
the mass deportation of the kalmyks
56
why did beria order the mass deportation of the kalmyks
due to fear they would invite a german invasion
57
in 1953 how many of the original 130,000 kalmyks remained
only 53,000
58
what did beria order in 1944
the deportation of all 460,000 czechens within 7 days
59
how many czechans did beria kill
170,000
60
why did beria kill so many czechans
if they couldn't leave within 7 days he locked them in a barn and set fire to it
61
what type of art dominated stalin's rule
socialist realism
62
what was socialist realism
art that presented idealised images of life while reflecting the policies
63
what is an important example of literature under stalin
'Cement' by Gladkov
64
who was Shostakovich and what did he create
an opera director - created 'Lady Macbeth of Mtensk'
65
what happened to Shostakovich's opera
stalin criticised it, banned it, made fun of it in Pravda
66
what was the seven sisters building
building built after WW2 in 'stalinist baroque' style
67
who was stalin's favourite socialist realism painter
Gerasimov
68
who was stalin;s favourite author
Gorky
69
what was zhdavnovchina
stricter gov control of art and the removal of western influence in culture
70
when was zhdavnovchina introduced
1946
71
how did stalin control paintings
they were never about domestic situations - always portrayed farms or factories
72
what incentives did stalin give museum workers to get more people to see socialist realism paintings
workers would get bonuses if they exceeded the targets for visitors
73
why was the 1930s known as the great silence
authors stopped writing for fear of their lives
74
how did stalin change cinema
scripts were given by stalin so everything had been precensored
75
what was the impact of stalin on cinema
decreased creativity
76
what did meyerhold release in 1937
'how the steel was tempered'
77
why did stalin dislike meyerhold
'how the steel was tempered' showered horrors of civil war = genuine realism not socialist realism
78
how did stalin punish meyerhold
he tortured and shot him, meyerhold's wife was stabbed
79
what did stalin do to gorky
in 1921 he had left russia to escape the cultural decline - 1928 he came back and S put him under house arrest (desperation) to show that the best russian author was admirer of system
80
when was gladkov's cement released
1924
81
what is the storyline of cement
a group of workers who having played a big part in the civil war, rebuild a cement factory
82
give an example of how culture supported the success of industry
a ball-bearing factory opened and a 10 metre diameter ball bearing sculpture was made
83
how many sculptures of stalin were made
3
84
who made the sculptures of stalin
sergey merkurov
85
despite the control of stalin on culture, what kind of dissenting artists were there
artists celebrating the achievements of lenin rather than stalin
86
how was vertov a dissenting artist
made a film - Three Songs about Lenin in 1934

H - Russia, Control (5 decks)

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