BRIEF HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTING AND PROMINENT INDIVIDUALS IN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT

Question 1

testing was instituted as a means of selecting who, of the many applicants, would obtain government

Answer 1

Chinese Civilization

Question 2

tests were used to measure intelligence and physical skills

Answer 2

Greek Civilization

Question 3

these universities relied on formal exams in conferring degrees and honors

Answer 3

European Universities

Question 4

believed that despite our similarities, no two humans are exactly alike. Some of these individual differences are more “adaptive than
others and these differences lead to more complex, intelligent organisms over time

Answer 4

Charles Darwin

Question 5

he established the testing movement; introduced the anthropometric records of students; pioneered the application of rating-scale and
questionnaire method, and the free association technique; he also pioneered the use of statistical methods for the analysis of psychological tests

Answer 5

Francis Galton

Question 6

He used the Galton bar (visual discrimination length) and Galton whistle (determining the highest audible pitch). Moreover, he also noted that persons with mental retardation tend to have diminished ability to discriminate among heat, cold and pain

Answer 6

Francis Galton

Question 7

Mathematical models of the mind; father of pedagogy as an academic discipline; went against Wundt

Answer 7

Johan Friedrich Herbart

Question 8

sensory thresholds; just noticeable differences (JND

Answer 8

Ernst Heinrich Weber

Question 9

mathematics of sensory thresholds of experience; founder of psychophysics; considered one of the founders of
experimental psychology; Weber-Fechner Law first to relate sensation and stimulus

Answer 9

Gustav Theodor Fechner

Question 10

considered one of the founders of Psychology; first to setup a psychology laboratory

Answer 10

Wilhelm Wundt

Question 11

succeeded Wundt; brought Structuralism to America; his brain is still on display in the psychology department at Cornell

Answer 11

Edward Titchner

Question 12

pioneer of human ability testing; conducted seminars that changed the field of psychological testing

Answer 12

Guy Montrose Whipple

Question 13

large contributor of factor analysis; approach to measurement was termed as the law of comparative judgment

Answer 13

Louis Leon Thurstone

Question 14

provided the first accurate description of mental retardation as an entity separate from insanity

Answer 14

Jean Esquirol

Question 15

pioneered modern educational methods for teaching people who are mentally retarded/intellectually disabled

Answer 15

Edouard Seguin

Question 16

an American psychologist who coined the term “mental test

Answer 16

James McKeen Cattell

Question 17

the father of IQ testing

Answer 17

Alfred Binet

Question 18

introduced the concept of IQ as determined by the mental age and chronological age

Answer 18

Lewis M. Terman

Question 19

introduced the two-factor theory of intelligence

Answer 19

Charles Spearman

Question 20

required for performance on mental tests of all kinds

Answer 20

General ability or “g

Question 21

required for performance on mental test of only one kind

Answer 21

Special abilities or “s

Question 22

introduced the components of “g

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Raymond Cattell

Question 23

ability to see relationships as in analogies and letter and number series, also known as the primary reasoning ability which decreases with age

Answer 23

Fluid “g

Question 24

acquired knowledge and skills which increases with age

Answer 24

Crystallized “g

Question 25

theorized the “many factor intelligence theory, (6 types of operations X 5 types of contents X 6 types of products = 180 elementary abilities)

Answer 25

Guilford

Question 26

introduced the hierarchical approach in “g

Answer 26

Vernon and Carroll

Question 27

introduced the “3 g’s” (Academic g, Practical g, and Creative g)

Answer 27

Sternberg

Question 28

conceptualized the multiple intelligences theory

Answer 28

Howard Gardner

Question 29

translated the Binet-Simon test into French

Answer 29

Henry Goddard

Question 30

pioneered the first group intelligence test known as the Army Alpha (for literate) and Army Beta (for functionally illiterate)

Answer 30

Robert Yerkes

Question 31

introduced multiple choice and other “objective” item type of tests

Answer 31

Arthur S. Otis

Question 32

devised the Personal Data Sheet, which aimed to identify soldiers who are at risk for shell shock

Answer 32

Robert S. Woodworth

Question 33

(known as the first personality test)

Answer 33

Personal Data Sheet

Question 34

slow rise of projective testing; Rorschach Inkblot Test

Answer 34

Herman Rorschach

Question 35

Thematic Apperception Test

Answer 35

Henry Murray & Christina Morgan

Question 36

What year when structure tests were being developed based on their better psychometric properties

Answer 36

Early 1940’s

Question 37

16 Personality Factors

Answer 37

Raymond B. Cattell

Question 38

Big 5 Personality Factors

Answer 38

McCrae & Costa

Question 39

Panukat ng Ugali at Pagkatao or PUP

Answer 39

Virgilio Enriquez

Question 40

Panukat ng Katalinuhang Pilipino or PKP

Answer 40

Aurora R. Palacio

Question 41

Panukat ng Pagkataong Pilipino or PPP

Answer 41

Anadaisy Carlota

Question 42

Masaklaw na Panukad ng Loob or Mapa ng Loob

Answer 42

Gregorio E.H. Del Pilar

Question 43

Philippine Thematic Apperception Test (PTAT

Answer 43

Alfredo Lagmay

Question 44

the first to propose that intelligence was a single construct that underlies all cognitive abilities and skills

Answer 44

Spearman

Question 45

Developed the CONCEPT of the normal curve

Answer 45

Abraham De Moivre

Question 46

Extended and made a substantial contribution to the normal curve

Answer 46

Marquis De Caplace

Question 47

Made some substantial contributions at the beginning of 19th century to the normal curve

Answer 47

Karl Frederick Gauss

Question 48

Coined the NORMAL CURVE

Answer 48

Karl Pearson

Question 49

For him, the most intelligent persons where those equipped with the best sensory abilities

Answer 49

Francis Galton

Question 50

He devised many sensory motor and other perception related tests as a measure of intelligence

Answer 50

Francis Galton

Question 51

The first person to publish on the heritability of intelligence

Answer 51

Francis Galton

Question 52

He's components of intelligence we're reasoning, judgment, memory, and abstraction

Answer 52

Alfred Binet

Question 53

Intelligence is the aggregate or global capacity of the individual to a purposely, to think rationally, and do deal effectively with his environment

Answer 53

David Wechsler

Question 54

Intelligence may be conceived of as a kind of evolving biological adaptation to the outside world

Answer 54

Jean Piaget

Question 55

The three perspective on intelligence

Answer 55

Interactionism Factor analysis theories Information processing view

Question 56

Perspective on intelligence wherein the complex concept by which heredity and environment are presumed to inherit and influence a development of one's intelligence

Answer 56

Interactionism

Question 57

Conceive of intelligence as composed of what he termed PRIMARY MENTAL ABILITIES

Answer 57

L.L. Thurstone

Question 58

The focus of this perspective on intelligence is squarely on identifying the ability or groups of abilities deemed to constitute intelligence

Answer 58

Factor analytics theories

Question 59

Intelligence is consist of two factors

Answer 59

Two factor theory of intelligence G factor is inborn S Factor is acquired through experience

Question 60

Intelligence that decreases with age, these are nonverbal, relatively culture-free, and independent of specific instruction

Answer 60

Fluid intelligence

Question 61

Intelligence that increases with age it include acquired skills and knowledge that are dependent on exposure to a particular culture as well as formal and informal education

Answer 61

Crystallized intelligence

Question 62

It is a hierarchical model, all of the abilities listed in the stratum are subsume by or incorporated in the strata above

Answer 62

Three stratum theory of cognitive abilities by Carrol

Question 63

The model was a product of efforts designed to improve the practice of psychological assessment in education bye identifying tests from different batteries that could be used to provide comprehensive assessment of a student's abilities

Answer 63

CHC model by McGrew and Flanagan

Question 64

Intelligence is composed of three clusters of ability: Social intelligence - dealing with people Concrete intelligence - dealing with objects Abstract intelligence - dealing with verbal and mathematical symbols

Answer 64

E.L. Thorndike

Question 65

Derived from the work of Alexandr Luria; focuses on the mechanisms by which information is process

Answer 65

Information processing view

Question 66

Two basic types of information processing styles

Answer 66

Simultaneous (parallel) processing Successive (sequential) processing

Question 67

PASS Model

Answer 67

Planning Attention Simultaneous Successive

Question 68

identified three independent research traditions (psychometric, info-processing, & cognitive) that have been employed to study the nature of human intelligence

Answer 68

Sternberg

Question 69

defined intelligence as the ability “to resolve genuine problems or difficulties as they are encountered”

Answer 69

Gardner

Question 70

defined intelligence as “mental activities involved in purposive adaptation to, shaping of, and selection of real-world environments relevant to one’s life”

Answer 70

Sternberg

Question 71

intelligence is: ◽️adjustment or adaptation of the individual to his total environment ◽️ the ability to learn ◽️ the ability to carry on abstract thinking

Answer 71

Spearman

Question 72

defined intelligence as “the tendency to take and maintain a definite direction; the capacity to make adaptations for the purpose of attaining a desired end, and the power of autocriticism”

Answer 72

Anderson