Britian Essay 2 Flashcards
(33 cards)
Intro Background info (4 points)
- Start 20th cent no benefits/ pension/ poor kids
- Belief of the individual gets out, moral failure
- Samuel smiles 1850
- 1910s lassiez faire change, series of reforms
Intro factors
Rise of the labour party, social surveys of booth and rowntree, new liberalism, municipal socialism
Intro line of argument
Most important reason the liberals introduced the reforms were fears over national security
Title
To what extent were fears over national security the most important reason why the liberals introduced the social welfare reforms of 1906-14?
National security KU 1 (3 points)
empire, war in africa
- late 1800s the empire was extensive and spread
- Britain often involved in wars in its territories
- Boer war South Africa
National security KU 2 (4 points)
volunteers and manchester
- Volunteer army only fit and healthy
- 25% of men rejected for the Boer war
- Industrial areas bad living and working
- Manchester 8000 out of 11000
National Security Analysis pro
future what?
what Act?
- Not motivated to simply get people out of pov, upcoming conflicts
- Reforms targeted at future soldiers
- Kids Education (Provision of Meals) Act 1906
National security analysis con (3 points)
what act not helpful?
arms what?
- Not all helpful to conflicts
- Old Age Pension Act 1908 too old to fight
- Dreadnoughts naval arms race
National security National security evaluation
competition?
winston?
- Government concerned by the empire’s competition such as Germany
- Winston quote empathises
Booth and Rowntree KU 1 (Booth 5 points)
booth?
when and where did he investigate?
% living in pov?
book name?
what will happen if there is no change
- Charles Booth was a London businessman
- investigated poverty in London between 1889-1903
- worse than he expected with around 30% of Londoners living in poverty.
- ‘Life and Labour of the People in London’
- the fault of those who lived in it, revolution
Booth and Rowntree KU 2 (Seebohm 5 points)
Rowntree
Book name?
% living in pov?
what and what pov?
- Seebohm Rowntree’s survey 1899-1901
- ‘Poverty, A Study of Town Life’
- York 27% of people were living in extreme poverty
- people couldn’t help being poor
- primary and secondary poverty
Booth and Rowntree Analysis (3 points)
highlighted what?
not limited to where
who was shocked?
- highlighted the scale of the problem
- proved that poverty was not limited to large industrial cities
- shocked middleclass wanted intervention
Booth and Rowntree Analysis+
what did their reports confirm and reinforce?
- confirm that secondary poverty existed, and some poor people wasted money
- reinforced
Booth and Rowntree Booth and Rowntree evaluation 3 points
what did they change
marr quote
what was realised to be needed
- changing Britain’s mindset towards poverty
“the surveys of Booth and Rowntree set thinking Britain alight - more educated through the statistical evidence provided by the reports
- realised that government action was needed
Booth and Rowntree national security evaluation 3 points
germany was a growing what
if health didn’t improve, what would happen?
- JM Roberts quote
- threatened by Germany’s growing power
- public health didn’t improve Britain’s dominance in the world would be threatened
rise of labour KU 1 4 points
more men could vote, because of what?
names of the political groups set up late 1800s to rep?
what did they form?
- The reform acts of the 1800s meant that more men could vote, not just the rich
- late 1800s different political groups rep working class
- ILP, FS and social democratic federation
- Labour Representation Committee, then later became the Labour Party
rise of labour KU 2
what did they promise
attracted what?
- Labour promised policies which improved working class lives
- attracted the left
- such as an 8 hour working day for all workers and better housing.
rise of labour analysis
increased rep, what to what?
who felt pressure and why?
- increasing its representation in parliament each election, from 2 MPs in 1900 to 29 MPs in 1906
- eared they would lose their seats in parliament therefore feeling pressure to introduce the reforms to gain more popularity
rise of labour analysis + 3
were the influencial?
mention what in what in1906
- Labour Party was still relatively new and not hugely influential
- didn’t believe that they would lose support to Labour
- Liberal Party didn’t even mention the reforms in their 1906 manifesto
rise of labour rise of labour evaluation
QUOTE
many of the problems addressed in the Liberal reforms 1906-14 the Labour Party had promised to tackle in the manifesto
rise of labour national security evaluation
what did the b and r surveys show?
booth and rowntree shit
dire state of public health and not good for upcoming conflicts
municipal socialism KU 1
what is it, e.g.
where did it happen
- spending of the local authority money to benefit the public, for example funding social reforms and schemes that improved public health and living conditions
- late 19th century and mainly occurred in Liberal-controlled authorities
municipal socialism KU 2 3 points
City improvement Act date
Lord provost glasgow …
what did it do
- wealthy businessmen or influential members of the community
- 1866 City Improvement Act was introduced by Lord Provost of Glasgow, John Blackie
- supply of clean water into Glasgow together with the opening of the Loch Katrine project
municipal socialism analysis
where was it happening
inspiring?
- happening across the country
- inspired the government by showing them how minor changes could vastly improve people’s lives
