british controll in eygpt

Question 1

when did britan take over egypt

Answer 1

1882 as a client state

Question 2

what empire previously ruled egypt and how

Answer 2

ottoman
began in 1517
largely independent as they had their own khedive

Question 3

what did muhammad ali pasha do to egypt

Answer 3

modernised the government
reformed army
increased revenue

Question 4

what were global opinions of muhammad ali pasha

Answer 4

the british supported the ottoman empire in constraining his nationalist ambitions

Question 5

who took over muhammad ali pasha and when

Answer 5

ismail pasha
1863

Question 6

what did ismail pasha do to egypt

Answer 6

reformed it
new conscription based army
new hospitals and med schools with western ideas
transformed agriculture prioritising cash crops
built suez canal 1869

Question 7

what was the result of ismails reforms

Answer 7

egypt went bankrupt
in debt over £100 million and high interest rates of 7.5-10%

Question 8

what effect did egypts bankruptcy have on the suez canal and ismail

Answer 8

egypts shares fell under european economic control
ismail removed from office 4 years after

Question 9

what’s the importance of the suez canal

Answer 9

shaved of 5000 miles on the route to india
makes trip less difficult/dangerous
faster to send reinforcements/messages
allowed more frequent trade
less uses of resources
easier to transport perishable goods

Question 10

when did building on the canal begin

Answer 10

1859

Question 11

how many egyptians died building the canal

Answer 11

120,000

Question 12

when did the canal open

Answer 12

1869

Question 13

what to seas did the canal connect

Answer 13

medetrainian and red sea

Question 14

what percentage of canal shared did britan buy and who bought them

Answer 14

44%
PM disraeli in 1875

Question 15

how does the PM buy the canal shares

Answer 15

by taking out a secret loan from the rothschild family without consent
this then dominated british foreign policy

Question 16

who first came up with the idea to build the canal

Answer 16

french man ferdinand de lesseps in 1954
he set up a. company in 1858 and was set to run for 99 years

Question 17

what impact did the canal have on britan

Answer 17

british lost profits

Question 18

what happens to egyptian european loans in 1876

Answer 18

egypt defaults on loans and is pressured by creditors to accept external influences

Question 19

what was the caisse de la dette

Answer 19

public debt commission 1876
the commission had control over finances directed by british, french, italian, austrian and russia
egypt needed permission to spend

Question 20

what two figures were appointed to help with egyptian finance

Answer 20

briton as minister of finance
frenchman as minister of public works

Question 21

what happens to ismail pasha in 1879

Answer 21

ottomans and british depose him and he’s replaced with his son
tewfik pasha

Question 22

how did the british deal with economic issues in egypt and what did this lead to

Answer 22

food taxes
army reduced by 2/3rd
some nationalists allowed in gov
led to nationalist revolts led by colonel arabi pasha 1879-1882

Question 23

how did PM glad stone deal with revolts in 1879-82

Answer 23

he tried to get french support for an invasion but it fails

Question 24

what happens in 1882 and what was the british response

Answer 24

50 europeans killed in alexandria
british naval froces sent and they defeat arabis in less than 1 hour

Question 25

when was the convention of london and what did it secure

Answer 25

1885 secured british influence

Question 26

how did khedive tewfik rule later

Answer 26

as a pupet

Question 27

what’s a consul general and who was it

Answer 27

major evelyn boring highest british rank overseas

Question 28

how was egypt ruled until 1922

Answer 28

as a ‘veiled protectorate’

Question 29

how long had egypt owned sudan

Answer 29

since 1824

Question 30

what was the consequence of britan owning egypt in turms of sudan

Answer 30

they also controlled sudan

Question 31

who was sent as governor general of sudan

Answer 31

general gordon

Question 32

who was general gordon

Answer 32

sent by the british to act as governor general of sudan 1877-85

Question 33

who declares themselves as mahdi and when

Answer 33

muhammad ahmad 1881

Question 34

what did muhammad ahmad form

Answer 34

a jihadist army of shi’ites against repressive egyptian/british rule

Question 35

what’s a jihadist

Answer 35

a person fighting in a holy war

Question 36

what happened in 1882 to the capital of sudan

Answer 36

khatoum is surrounded colonel william hicks is killed

Question 37

when is general gordon told to evacuate and what does he do instead

Answer 37

1883 he refuses

Question 38

what happened to garrison in 1885

Answer 38

he was overrun and killed and gordon was beheaded

Question 39

what happens to the legacy of general gordon

Answer 39

gordon becomes a martyr for british imperialism

Question 40

what happens to gladstone after gordon’s death

Answer 40

he’s condemned for his reluctance twords imperialism and resigned the liberals then lost the next election in 1886 his known as GOM (grand old man) to MOG (murderer of gordon)

Question 41

what happens to sudan after the death of gordon

Answer 41

an unofficial mahdist state was created and sudan wasn’t retaken until 1896

Question 42

what were the successes and failure of british control in egypt and sudan

Answer 42

-gained corntrol in e 1882 and s 1896 -suez canal and faster trading -cotton and linin production failures- sudan beet britan 1885 -technically under ottoman control

Question 43

what were british aims in egypt and sudan

Answer 43

control of suez canal cotton and linin trade