British exploitation and resistance Flashcards
chapter 4
battle of plassey
1757
first war of indian independence
1857
immediate victim of british rule
farmers
what destroyed backbone of farmers
land revenue system
types of land revenue system
permanant, ryotwari system, mahalwari system.
features of permanent land revenue system
bengal , bihar, orissa
tax collected by zamindars
zamindar is owner of land
farmers were tenants
60% of yeild is tax
tax should be paid during poor yeild also
in cash.
ryotwari system
south indian regions
lord cornwalli- british goverener general introduced this,
farmers-ryots
land reveneue colelcted directly from ryots
ownerships is with farners.
excessive tex
tax rate was frequently increased
mahelwari system
village headman colelct tax.
excessive tax
village-mahal
mahal is considered as single unit for colelcting tax
money lenders
when unable to pay tax farmrs mortgage their land and take loan with high interest. when unable to pay back loan their land is seized by moneylenders.
how did land revenue system affect agriculture sector
high tax and crimes of moneylenders
whats is commercialization of agriculture
indians cultivitaed food crops for personal needs. british compelled us to cultiate cash crops for commercial needs. this is commericlasation of agriultur.
india become cultivating land of europe
inorder to pay high interest loans and tax, indians cultivated crops with high market prices which the europeans need.
commercial crops cultivated and its regions
indigo- bihar, bengal
cotton- maharashtra, punjab
sugar cane- uttar pradesh
tea- assam kerala
jute- bengal
wheat- punjab
IBB
CPM
SUP
TKA
JB
WP
Why farmers take indigo farming
Huge money as advance. Indigo used as dying agent.
Year of indigo revolt
1859 bihar
Causes of indigo revolt
Take advance, liable to cultivate indigo ina. Portion of their land. Most fertile portion. So food crop decrease cash crop increase.due to British agent interference farmers only got less money during harvest season
Revolt of indigo revolt
1859 gathered in Bihar and decided no more indigo. Attacked indigo fscories with how’s arrows spades etc .educated people supported. Women took part
Result of indigo revolt
Gov sent a commission realised indigo farming is uneconomic and proposed to stop it.
Reason for mappila rebellion
Atrocities of landlord. Evacuated tenants like farmers. British treated janmi as owner. Malabar rebellion mappila rebellion
Revolt of Mappila rebellion
22 peasant revolt malabar special police.
Result of Mappila rebellion
Msp and William logan commision. Realised cause of struggle was unfair land revenue system
Tribal insurgencies cause
Forest laws. Forests are protected areas. Prohibition for entering forest. Tax for forest produce collection
Whya re forest progected
The trees needed are present in abundance for British. Trees are used for railway ships and plantation.
Kurchiya revolt yead
1812
