British History Essential Flashcards
What did Edward VI die of
Turberculosis
What were the Four Acts that attempted to Impose consistency in the Church of England between 1549 -1662
Acts of Uniformity
Who let the English forces that were defeated at Castillo in July 1453
John Talbot (The 69 Year old) Earl of Shrewsbury
Who was captured at Nottingham on 30th October 1330 and rushed to London to face trial and execution
Roger Mortimer, The Earl of March
How large was the British Empire by 1913
held sway over 412 million people, 23% of the world population at the time,
Who was Rob Roy a supporter of
The Jacobites, he supported James II in the Glorious Revolution and later the Pretender in 1714
What Date and Year was the Battle of Hastings
14th October 1066
Who was Queen to David I of Scotland
Matilda
What Years did Henry VIII reign
1509 - 1547 (38 years)
Who was the only East Anglian King to be accepted as Bretwelda
Raedwald
Before the French abandoned their plans to invade England in 1386 what had it been hailed as
The Greatest infasion fleet “since God created the world
What did Britain retain as part of the Peace of Utrecht in 1713
the vital Naval bases if Gibraltar and Minorca
What were the reforms issued by Parliament in 1259 that were forced on Henry III by his rebellious Barons and forbade the King to grant lands, Castles of offices of state to Foreigners
Provisions of Westminster
Which war did the UK fight with Argentina over a group of islands in the South Atlantic? and what Year
Falklands War, 1982
Who were the Pre-Historic People that came to Britain from around 2,500BC that were thought to be of Iberian Origin
Beaker People
Which tribe revolted against the ROmans in 47AD and again in 60AD
Iceni
What year did Charles Dickens die
1870
What War was fought between 1701 - 1714
War Of Spanish Succesion
How long was the House of Stuart on the British Throne
1603 - 1714 (111 Years)
What Battle took place on 7th August 1346
Battle of Crecy
Who annexed the Isle of Wight in 686
Cadwalla of Wessex
Who was an officer and veteran of the British Army’s Peninsular and 1812 campaigns, and later a Major General of the Bombay Army, during which period he led the military conquest of Sindh, before serving as the Governor of Sindh, and Commander-in-Chief in India.
General Charles Napier
What Prime Minister was Jailed for 6 months in the Tower
Robert Walpole, charged with Corruption
What French King was executed in the French Revolution
Louis XVI
How many men made up the BEF that crossed to France in 1939
158,000
Cecil Rhodes became Prime Minister of Where in 1890
Cape Colony
How many were Killed by an Indian Attack in the James River area, Virginia in 1622
347 colonists
Who formed an Independent Labour Party in 1893
Keir Hardy
What years were the two Barons Wars
1215 - 1217
1264 -1267
Who did Charles I make a secret deal with in 1647 after his escape from Oxford and Hampton Court
the Scots
What were the Corn Laws
The Corn Laws were tariffs and other trade restrictions on imported food and grain between 1815 and 1846
What Naval Battle was fought in 1794
Battle of Ushant (defeat of the French)
Who was Henry VIII Chief Minister in 1516
Thomas Wolsey
From What Years did King John Rule
1199 - 1215 (16 years)
Who were the victors of the Battle of St Albans in February 1461
Lancastrians
Which British ship was hit and sunk by a missile by Argentinian forces on 4th May 1982
HMS Sheffield
Who was the only female/Queen to try and claim the English throne in her own right in the Middle Ages, prompting a civil war against her rival Stephen?
Matilda
Who wrote to the Britons in 410 to tell them to Defend themselves
Emperor Honorius
From what Years did Mary I reign
1553 - 1558 (5 Years)
Who were the forerunners of the Conservative Party and what years were they operative
Tory Party 1680 - 1830
What Year was Hadrians Wall built
122
What was the Rye House Plot
A Plan to assassinate King Charles II of England and his brother (and heir to the throne) James, Duke of York. at Newarket racecourse
Where was William I offered the crown in December 1066
Berkhamstead
Who was the Leader of the Pilgrimage of Grace in 1536-37
Robert Aske
What Kingdom did Edwin of Northumbria defeat in 626
Wessex
What year did Jack the Ripper terrorize London
1888
What years did Ethelred the Unready (Ethelred II) reign
978 - 1013
1014 - 1016
What was the New Model Army Nicknamed
Ironsides
What year did Charles I reign
1625 - 1649 (24 Years)
What year did Mary Queen of Scots flee to England
1568
Who was Charles II Chief Minister between 1673 -78
Thomas Osbourne, Earl of Danby
What 5 members where attempted to be arrested by Charles I in 1642
Pym, Hampden Haselrig Holles Strode
What Royal Scandal rocked in 1891
Edward Prince of Wale, Gambling Scandal
What battle 18 June 1429 was the culminating engagement of the Loire Campaign of the Hundred Years’ War between the French and English in north-central France. It was a decisive victory for the French and with heavy losses inflicted on the corps of veteran English longbowmen. This victory was to the French what Agincourt was to the English. Although credited to Joan of Arc, most of the fighting was done by the vanguard of the French army as English units fled, and the main portions of the French army (including Joan herself) were unable to catch up to the vanguard as it continued to pursue the English for several miles.
Battle of Patay
Which Scottish King supposedly learnt the art of patience from watching a spider building a web?
Robert I
Who were Britain’s Allies during the Crimean War
France, Ottoman Empire and Sardinia
WHat Date and Year did the Channel Islands fall to the Germans during WW2
13th June 1940
How many people died in the Easter rising in 1916
485 deaths, 260 Civilians
From what years was the American Revolution
1775 - 83
The Anglo-German Treaty of 1890, also known as the Heligoland-Zanzibar Treaty,
Under terms of this treaty, Germany gained the small but strategic area of north Sea , Britain around Tanzanier
What year was the Battle of Flooden
1513
Who was the first Hanoverian king of Great Britain?
George I
From What years did Edward VII reign
1901 - 1910 (9 Years)
What was Queen Anne described as
Dull, Obstinate and Unattractive
What Party did Oswald Mosely found
British Union of Facists (BUF)
Which monarch succeeded Queen Victoria?
Edward VII
WHo became Prime Minister in February 1868
Benjamin Disraeli
Who was Prime Minister between 1916 - 1922
David Lloyd George
what Battles of the English Civil war were fought in both 1643 and 1644
Battle of Newbury
Which Victorian Prime Minister introduced two Irish Home Rule Bills into parliament, both defeated?
William Gladstone
What was the first Capital of Roman Britain
Colchester
How old was Lady Jane Grey when she was executed
16
Where did the British Surrender in 1781 to the American colonies and George Washington
Yorktown, Virginia
who led the English ships against the Spanish Armada
Lord Howard of Effingham
From What Years was William Pitt the Elder Prime Minister
1766 - 1768
From What years was the Second World War
1939 - 1945
What Date and Year was the Battle of Trafalgar
21st October 1805
From what year did George III illness begin
1762
Who was beheaded in 1536
Anne Boleyn
What was the statement issued by the convention Parliament Feb 1689, laying down the conditions under which the crown was to be offered to WIlliam III and Mary
Deceleration of Rights
Who drafted the legislation to make the Church of England independent of Rome
Thomas Cromwell
From What years did Charles II Reign
1660 - 1685 (25 Years)
What was the name given to the Evacuation of British forces from Dunkirk
Operation Dynamo
Who was the Italian navigator and explorer. His 1497 discovery of the coast of North America under the commission of Henry VII of England is the earliest known European exploration of coastal North America since the Norse visits to Vinland in the eleventh century.
John Cabot
From what years was tge 1st Scottish Wars of Independence
1296 - 1328
What year did William Gladstone tend his final resignation this ending his Political Career
1894
What Battle was the Humiliating defeat of British Forces in September 1777
Battle of Saratoga
Which Stuart pretender raised his standard at Glenfinnan on 19th August 1745 starting the second Jacobite Rebellion
Charles Edward Stuart
Which engagement turned the tide of the of French Fortunes in the Hundred Years War in May 1429
Siege of Orleans
Who was the third and youngest son of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland and his wife, Caroline of Ansbach. . He is best remembered for his role in putting down the Jacobite Rising at the Battle of Culloden in 1746, which made him immensely popular throughout Britain
Prince William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland
Who was the favorite of Edward II and was executed 1312
Piers Gaveston
Which Battle was fought on 12 March 1470, during the Wars of the Roses.The battle secured the defeat of the poorly organised Welles Uprising against King Edward IV, but ultimately led to the defection of Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick and the king’s brother George, Duke of Clarence to the Lancastrian cause after they were forced to flee the country having been implicated in the rebellion.
Battle of Losecoat FIeld
From what years was the War of Jenkins Ear
1739 - 1748
When did Harold Wilson win his General Election and return Labour to power
1964
Who was the architect that annulled the Henry VIII union with Catherine of Aragon
Thomas Cranmer
Who was Queen to Henry I and who was she
Matilda, the daughter of Malcolm III, Sister of Edgar the Aethling (thus Descendant of Alfred the Great)
What Year was the Battle of Culloden
1746
What were the Test Acts
a religious test for public office, imposed civil disabilities on Roman Catholics and nonconformists.
What Date and Year was teh Battle of Agincourt
21st October 1415
Who was the Romano British Leaders the defended Britain against Saxons and Picts in 449, he eventually was defeated by Hengist and Horsa
Vortigern
Who were the Male children of Henry II, how many did he have in total including Illegitimate and Daughters
Henry the Young Richard Geoffrey of Brittany John (9 Children including Female and illegitimate)
Which politician was the leader of the parliamentary campaign against the British slave trade?
William Wilberforce
What was the outcome of the second Battle of Newbury in 1644
The combined armies of Parliament inflicted a tactical defeat on the Royalists, but failed to gain any strategic advantage.
How did Charles I die?
Beheaded
Who was PM that Declared war on Germany
Neville Chamberlin
Who was Prime Minister 1830 - 34
Charles Grey (Earl Grey)
was an English general, admiral, and politician, who led the government of the young King Edward VI from 1550 until 1553, and unsuccessfully tried to install Lady Jane Grey on the English throne after the King’s death. The son of Edmund Dudley, a minister of Henry VII executed by Henry VII
John Dudley 1st Duke of Northumbria
Who was the British General that Led the British forces at Blenheim in 1704
John Churchill Duke of Blenheim
Despite the loss of America what did Britain keep a hold of around the same time
Quebec and India
Who was the English Catholic who hatched a plot to assasinate Elizabeth I in 1586
Anthony Babbington
How Many British Soldiers lost their lives day one of the Battle of the Somme (The Bloodiest Day in British History)
60,000
What ship capsized in 1545 on the way out to sea to confront a suspected French invasion fleet
Mary Rose
Who was a leading Irish revolutionary figure and one of the founding members of the United Irishmen, and is regarded as the father of Irish republicanism and leader of the 1798 Irish Rebellion. He was captured at Letterkenny port on 3 November 1798,[1] and he died sixteen days later in unclear circumstances.
Wolfe Tone
What was the pressure group founded in 1900 as an alliance of socialist organisations and trade unions, aimed at increasing representation for labour interests in the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The Labour Party traces its origin to it
Labour Representation Committee (LRC)
How old was Mary I when she came to the throne
37
King John scored a crushing Victory over whom in 1211
the Welsh
From what years we’re the Reformation Parliament
1529 - 1536
Who carried out the second circumnavigation of the world in a single expedition, from 1577 to 1580
Francis Drake
What ship housed the Sniper that killed Lord Nelson
Redoubtable
Who was Queen Isabella’s lover who was one of the rebels who surrendered to Edward II but made a dramatic escape from the Tower of London in 1324 and went in exile to Paris were he became the lover of Queen Isabella, the regime proved to be corrupt he was eventually seized at Nottingham and executed
Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March
What name is given to the reign of Elizabeth I, Queen of England?
The Golden Age
Which Painter was prominent in producing portraits for the court of Henry VIII
Hans Holbein
What is the term used for the event in 1834 were six labourers from Devon, who formed a trade union lodge, were sentenced to seven years transportation, the harsh sentence provoked a campaign of petitions and mass demonstrations, two years later the six were pardoned
Tolpuddle martyres
What were colors of the Roses of Lancaster and York
Lancaster - Red
York - White
Why did WIlliam Pitt resign in March 1801
Catholic Emancipation
What Date and Year was Slavery finally Abolished in Britain
29 July 1833
What Prime minister Introduced Income Tax
William Pitt (The Younger)
Who was George IV mistress that he married secretly in 1785
Maria Fitzberbert
Who were the four famous Bishops that were Burnt at the stake under Mary
Thomas Cranmer,
Nicholas Ridley,
John Hooper
Huge Latimer
What proportion of the population of the UK were killed by the Black Death?
2 million (30 - 45% of the Population)
Who was the founder of the Society of Friends (The Quakers)
George Fox
Who died suddenly aged only 44 after a chill and burst abdominal ulcer
Frederick the Prince of Wales, son of George II
What year was the Act of union between England and Wales
1536
What Scottish King was killed at Solway Moss in December 1542
James V
Who was the most renowned in England feared in France of the English captains in the last stages of the Hundred Years War, having fought briefly under Henry V, he returned to France in 1427, where he served until his death at Castillion in 1453
John Talbot 1st Earl of Shrewsbury
Oswald Mosely left what party to found the British Unionist of Facists in 1932
Labour Party
How large was the British Empire in 1900
1/5 of the land mass of the wold, 1 in 4 people live in its Boundries
Which monarch was defeated by Oliver Cromwell in the English Civil War?
Charles I
What year Was the Church of England Founded
1534
What was the strength of the two forces at Trafalgar
British - 33 Ships (27 Ships of the line)
French - 41 Ships
Which British General becae a national Hero with his victories of 1808-14, and defeated Napoleon in 1815
Arthur Wellesley Duke of Wellington
What year was the “Busby Babes” plane crash
1958
Who did the IRA assassinate on 27th August 1979 also killing 15 soldier in a blast in County Down
Lord Mountbatten (cousin to the Queen)
Who was captured at the Battle of Tinchebrai
Robert I
What Date and Year did the United Kingdom of Great Britain come into being (Act of Union)
1st May 1707
Who succeeded Lord John Russell as PM in 1852
Lord Derby
George II was the last monarch to lead troops in a Battle, what Battle was it
The Battle of Dettingan (1743)
What years were the two Boar Wars
1880 - 1881
1899 - 1902
How many Ships combined the Spanish Armada in 1588
134
was a soldier of Cappadocian Greek origins, member of Who the Praetorian Guard for Roman emperor Diocletian, who was sentenced to death for refusing to recant his Christian faith. He became one of the most venerated saints and megalo-martyrs in Christianity, and he has been especially venerated as a military saint since the Crusades.
St George
Who were the combatents at the Battle of Degastan in 603 wand who were the victors
Bernicia (Aethelfrith) and Dal Riata (Aedan), Northumbria were the victors
From What years did George IV Reign
1820 - 1830 (10 Years)
What was the financial policy of the Income Tax
levied on anyone that exceed £60 per year and 2 pence in the pound
How many times was Queen Anne Pregnant and how many survived
Pregnant 18 times, 5 survived
What year was the French King Louis Phillip driven from his throne by a popular Paris uprising, ending in the Proclamation of a French Republic
1848
What treaty was signed in 1174 between William I of Scotland and Henry II of England Which made William a Vassell of Henry
Treaty of Falaise
What year was the abdication crisis
1936
From What Years were the Wars of the Roses
1455 - 1485
Who was the First Prince to use the Title “Prince of Wales” who died fighting against Henry III
Dafydd ap Llywelen
Who was the English Parliamentarian largely responsible for the Petition of Right and later drew up the Grand Remonstrance
John Pym
What year was the secrets of Gravity revealled and by whom
1687, Isaac Newton
What does NATO stand for?
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
What was built in 1176 and who was it a memorial too
London Bridge, Thomas Becket
Who was Queen to Henry III
Eleanor of Provence
What King founded Kings College (Cambridge)
Henry VI
Which Prime Minister took the UK into the EU in 1973
Edward Heath
From what years did Queen Victoria Reign
1837 - 1901 (63 Years)
What year was the Great Reform Act, that introduced wide-ranging changes to the electoral system of England and Wales. According to its preamble, the Act was designed to “take effectual Measures for correcting divers Abuses that have long prevailed in the Choice of Members to serve in the Commons House of Parliament”. he Act also increased the electorate from about 400,000 to 650,000, making about one in five adult males eligible to vote
1832
Who was the Last British Monarch to lead troops in a Battle
George II
What Parliament of England lasted from 8 May 1661 until 24 January 1679. It was the longest English Parliament, enduring for nearly 18 years of the quarter-century reign of Charles II of England. Like its predecessor, the Convention Parliament, it was overwhelmingly Royalist and is also known as the Pensioner Parliament for the many pensions it granted to adherents of the King
Cavalier Parliament
in 1678 In exchange for Charles receive a yearly pension of £230,000, as well as an extra sum of money when Charles informed the English people of his conversion what did France promise in return
- Charles II of England would convert Catholicism
* * Assist Louis XIV with 60 warships and 4000 soldiers in France’s war against the Dutch Republic.
Who was was the historical British tribal chief who led the defence against Julius Caesar’s second expedition to Britain in 54 BC. He led an alliance of tribes against Roman forces, but eventually surrendered after his location was revealed to Julius Caesar by defeated Britons.
Cassivalaunus
What year was Queen Elizabeth I crowned
1953
Who was James I ad Charles I Favorite that failed to arrange the marriage of Prince Charles to the Spanish Infanta in 1623
George Villers, 1st Duke of Buckingham
Which Tory Politician was a supporter of the Restoration of the Monarchy who became Lord Chancellor in 1672
Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury
Who was appointed Archbishop of Canterbury under Charles I in 1633
1633
What Battle was fought between 9 - 14th November 1715, Which saw a British victory over Jacobite forces
Battle of Preston
From What Years was Winstin Churchill Prime Minister
1940 - 45 and 1951 - 1955
Who returned to power in 1929
Ramsey Mcdonald and Labour
Who Was the British soldier and administrator who established British rule in India
Robert Clive
How many ships comprised the Spanish Armada
130
