Broadcasting Rights in European Sports Flashcards
(36 cards)
Why are broadcasting rights in European sports important?
Because it constitutes a multi-billion dollar industry - generating huge revenues to the club - more important today than the ticket sale.
Which important distinction should be made in relation to broadcasting rights?
- Sports telecasts (the broadcasted sports event
- Sports news
- The sports events themselves
What are the rules on US copyright law?
Only original works of authorship fixed in a tangible medium qualify for protection.
How is originality under US law comprised?
Comprised of two elements:
- Independent creation
- Some minimal degree of creativity.
Explain the fair use exception in US law?
A rule permitting fair use of copyrighted material.
Is the sporting event itself protected under US law?
No, the sporting event itself is not protected since it is not an original work of authorship.
Explain the KCLA case
The KCLA used video clips acquired from the new broadcast of another network without permission. The programs of KCLA was commercially sponsored and therefore the fair-use doctrine was dismissed.
Explain the Monster Communications v. Turner Broadcasting System case
The broadcaster used copyrighted boxing footage of Mohammed Ali - the fair use was constituted owing to the combination of comment, criticism, scholarship and research involved.
Explain § 1 of the Danish Copyright Act
§ 1 renders protection to a person who has created a literary of artistic work.
Does sports telecasts qualify under § 1 of the Danish Copyright Act?
Yes, they qualify as a cinematographic work - if the creation consist of a sequence of live images.
The works must be original in order to be protected.
What does § 69 of the Danish Copyright Act protect?
The provision renders protection to radio and television broadcasters - a specific exclusive right.
Renders protection to the broadcasts themselves, but does not require originality, nor regulate the ownership or protection of the content of the broadcast.
The specific signal right lies exclusively with the radio and television broadcasters and cannot be transferred or extended.
What does § 67 of the Danish Copyright Act protect?
Protection is crated for producers of recordings of motion pictures.
There is no demand for originality under § 67.
It is a producers right.
The rights obtained under § 67 must be transferred by contract to third parties.
The producers of the recordings protected under § 67 will not be eligible to receive cable re-transmission revenues, since retransmission is allowed, cf. § 67 (3).
Explain the fair use exceptions on Danish Copyright law?
The Danish Copyright law does not specifically recognised the concept of a fair-use doctrine.
Chapter 2 contains several limitations on copyright, eg. private use.
According to section 22 of the Copyright Act, a person may quote from a work which has been made public in accordance with proper usage and to the extent required for the purpose.
Explain the BBC v. BSB case
BSB wished to display highlights during the 1990 World Cup - copied from the broadcaster BBC, which held the exclusive rights.
The Court found that showing a goal scoring sequence when reporting the result of a football match was such a normal ting.
Explain the Mogens Palle case
TV2 used 8 clips of boxing matches in a critical program about the boxing promotor. However Morgens Palle was not credited in the program.
The Court awarded the boxing promotor renumeration for non-economic damages according to § 83.
What is anti-siphoning?
Siphoning is said to occur when an event or program currently shown on conventional free TV is purchased by a cable operator for the showing of a subscription cable channel
Depriving the public from watching sports events.
How is anti-siphoning regulated in Europe?
The Audio Visual Media Services Directive
Was does art. 14 of the AVMS Directive regulate?
Securing anti-siphoning and that society is not deprived from events of major importance.
Each Member state shall draw up a designated list of events.
Member States must notify the Commission about measures being taken in order to comply with art. 14.
Are events of major importance for society per se sporting events?
No, it might also be royal weddings etc.
Then event has to be sold on an exclusive basis.
Which events are typically events of major importance for society?
Olympic Games, FIFA World Cup, European Championship in football etc.
Denmark has also included the Olympic Winter games.
Explain the TV Danmark case
Concerning 5 away qualifying matches of the Danish national team for the 2002 World Cup.
TV Danmark had exclusive rights.
TV Danmark refused to share its rights, since the implementation of the Television Without Frontiers Directive implementation in UK - allows other television stations to get another chance - but they had not used this chance.
TV Danmark lost the case.
Can you list every game of a world cup is events of major importance?
Yes, UEFA/FIFA case - Member states are entitled to choose freely whether all matches should be on the designated national list.
How is short news reports in television broadcasting in EU regulated?
In art. 15 of the AVMS Directive.
Member states must ensure these objectives in their national legislation.
Essential in order to safeguard the fundamental freedom to receive information and to ensure that the interests of viewers are fully and properly protected.
Short news, quotation of identity of source.
What is the doctrine of commercial misappropriation based on?
The belief that nobody should be permitted to rip off the fruit of the labor and expense of the creator hereof.
