brodman's areas (from dr. maloney) Flashcards
(22 cards)
how many neurons in cortex (ish)
~20 billion
what mass percentage does the cortex take up (including white matter)
~80% A LOT OF CONNECTIONS
how many neurons in cerebellum
~100 billion
how many synapses in cortex
~140 trillion
about how many synapses per cortical neuron
~7000 synapses
brodman’s area 38 (name + function)
temporal pole:
- semantic representation
- emotion
- associated with limbic system
brodman’s area 13 (name + function)
insular cortex:
- emotional perception of senses (especially taste)
- discust
- homostatic emotions (hunger, thirst, etc)
- interception and sense of self
- miscellaneous motor + sensory processing
brodman’s areas 3,1, and 2 (name + function)
somatosensory cortex (postcentral gyrus):
- as you move posterior, somatosensory info is processed along w/visual info (somatosensory association cortex)
- has a somatosensory map (humunculus) in an ‘upside down’ orientation
posterior parietal lobe (areas included + function)
overall: involved in processing space + attention
supramarginal gyrus: processing other people’s bodies/emotions
angular gyrus: processing visual + rythmic aspects of language
lesions in the posterior parietal lobe lead to BLANK
spacial problems + hemi-neglect on contralateral side of body
brodman’s areas 4 + 6 (name + functions)
motor cortex (precentral gyrus):
primary motor cortex: voluntary control of movement through corticospinal neurons
secondary motor cortex: action planing and some speech production
what is one of the key target areas for brain machine interfaces (and what do they do?)
motor cortex (brodman’s areas 4 + 6)
stimulate electrical activity in the brain/read electrical activity in the brain and translate it into mechanical movement (woman being able to drink coffee from mug w/straw for first time since paralysis)
broca’s area (function)
speach production
wernicke’s area (function)
speech comprehension
prefrontal cortex (function)
executive function(s):
- working memory
- cognitive flexibility
- inhibitory control
- attention control
how many lobotomies were performed in the us
~40,000
“where” pathway (of visual info)
DORSAL pathway (up)
motion, motor action (ex. V5 motion cortex)
“what” pathway (of visual info)
VENTRAL pathway (down + accross)
recognition, awareness (ex. fusiform face complex)
lobotomy definition
old procedure performed by a few doctors in which they would cut lesions/damage the prefrontal cortex of usualy women or gay men in order to “fix” their personality etc
explain (briefly) steps of working memory/neuromodulation in prefrontal cortex
- activity from sensory association areas (cortex) triggers a response
- RECURRENT ACTIVATION keeps neurons firing while task remains in memory (ex. remembering a set of numbers)
- ultimately triggers an output to motor systems
what is the theory around the prefrontal cortex, neuromodulation, and CREATIVITY?
dopamine + norepi control flow of information based on individual spine modulation:
dopamine: antagonistic to individual spines (increasing dop amounts = blocks weakest connections)
norepi: low levels activate spines (enabling connections), but high levels inactivate spines (inverted U).
why? thought to allow cortex to shut off in stressful situations (ex. getting attacked by lion) or to conserve energy when tired (ex. we make less good decisions when tired)
are cortical association areas 1-1? as in does each brain area just do one thing?
NOOOOOOOOOO FALSE
