Bronchiolitis, RSV, Croup, & Pertussis Flashcards
(32 cards)
acute inflammation and damage to small airways characterized by upper respiratory symptoms followed by lower respiratory symptoms
bronchiolitis
what is the most common cause of bronchiolitis?
RSV
what bacterial organism can cause bronchiolitis, on occasion?
mycoplasma pneumonia
what is the problem in RSV?
sloughed epithelium and mucus production = obstructs airway = air trapping
what is the incubation period of RSV/bronchiolitis?
4-6 days
if not treated appropriately, what can rsv/bronchiolitis lead to?
viral pneumonia
a patient presents with fever, fatigue with increased sleeping, rhinorrhea, sore throat, tachypnea, increased work of breathing, cough, wheezing and crackles. what are they likely experiencing?
RSV
what point of care diagnostic should be done for RSV?
nasopharynx swab for virus
what would RSV look like in a chest xray?
hyper-expansion
peri-bronchial thickening
what is the treatment/education for non-severe RSV? (5)
nasal suction
hydration
avoid OTC decongestants
peak on days 3-5
resolve over 2-3 weeks
what is the treatment for severe RSV? (4)
nasal suction
hydration
high flow nasal cannula
CPAP
what should we try 1 time in severe RSV?
SABA - albuterol
what should be given if RSV patient responds well to SABA (albuterol)
corticosteroids
what medication should be given in RSV patients that are immunocompromised?
ribavirin
what general discharge criteria must the patient meet for RSV?
stable for over 12 hours
what respiratory rate discharge criteria must the patient meet for RSV?
< 6 mo = < 60 b/min
6-11 mo = < 55 b/min
12 mo and over = < 45 b/min
also known as laryngotracheobronchitis that leads to narrowing of the subglottic airway
Croup
what is the cause of Croup?
parainfluenza virus
a patient presents with nasal discharge, congestion, fever, hoarse voice, barking cough, and inspiratory stridor. what are they experiencing?
Croup
what would Croup look like in a neck xray?
steeple sign
Croup treatment if patient has occasional barking cough, no stridor at rest, mild or no retractions
single dose of PO dexamethasone
Croup treatment if patient has frequent barky cough, stridor at rest, mild to moderate retractions, no distress or agitation
single dose of PO dexamethasone
nebulized epinephrine
Croup treatment if patient has frequent barking cough, stridor at rest, marked retractions, significant distress and agitation
single dose of PO/IM/IV dexamethasone
repeated nebulized epinephrine
hospital admission
Croup treatment if patient has a depressed level of consciousness, stridor at rest, severe retractions, poor air entry, and cyanosis
single dose IM/IV dexamethasone
repeated nebulized epinephrine
ICU admission
+/- intubation
