Restrictive Lung Diseases Flashcards
(26 cards)
characterized by a reduction in lung compliance or increased external pressures around the lungs limiting lung inflation during inhalation
restrictive lung disease
without correction of underlying processes, all restrictive lung diseases progress to: (4)
hypoxemia
pulmonary hypertension
cor pulmonale
respiratory failure
what would a spirometry look like for a patient with restrictive lung disease?
TLC decreased
FEV1 decreased
FVC decreased
FEV1/FVC ratio normal or increased
how would a restrictive lung disease flow loop look like?
normal but smaller
OR
moved to the right
restrictive lung disease that leads to sudden respiratory distress and could be caused by a sudden influx of fluid into alveolar spaces and parenchymal tissues
acute restrictive lung disease
restrictive lung disease with insidious onset with no initial symptoms
chronic
what is chronic restrictive lung disease also known as?
interstitial lung disease
a type of interstitial lung disease with unclear etiology
idiopathic interstitial pneumonia
a restrictive lung disease that results in diffuse lung scarring
idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
a patient that presents with a dry cough, progressive dyspnea, and symptoms isolated to the lungs, is most likely experiencing what?
idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
what are 4 diagnostics that can be used for IPF?
spirometry
chest xray
chest CT
lung biopsy
what would be seen in a chest xray of IPF?
reticular markings - “ground glass”
what would be seen in a chest CT of IPF? (2)
honey-comb
ground glass
what should be done for a patient with IPF?
referral to pulmonologist
what is the first step in treatment for IPF?
supplemental O2
what are 2 medications that can slow the progression of IPF?
nintedanib
pirfenidone
what is the only definitive treatment of IPF?
lung transplant
an inflammatory change characterized by noncaseating granulomas and is a multisystem disorder
sarcoidosis
a patient presents with fatigue, fever, night sweats, weight loss, dry cough, dyspnea, crackles/rales on exam, lupus pernio, erythematic nodules, maculopapular trunk lesions, dry eyes, granules in lymph nodes and liver, anemia, splenomegaly, hypercalcemia, and decreased PTH. what is this patient likely experiencing?
sarcoidosis
why does sarcoidosis cause hypercalcemia?
granulomas produce vitamin D
what would be seen in a CXR for sarcoidosis?
bilateral hilar adenopathy
what would be found in labs for sarcoidosis? (4)
leukopenia
elevated ESR
hypercalcemia
low PTH
why would we do a biopsy for sarcoidosis?
rule out malignancy and infection
what should be done for a patient with sarcoidosis?
referral to pulmonolgy
