Bronchiolitis - Sofia BMJ Flashcards
What age group is most commonly affected by bronchiolitis?
Bronchiolitis most commonly affects infants under 1 year, especially between 1-9 months.
What are the typical initial symptoms of bronchiolitis?
Initial symptoms include upper respiratory tract symptoms like rhinitis and mild fever.
What key symptom progression occurs in bronchiolitis?
Progression includes worsening cough, increased work of breathing, and wheezing.
How is bronchiolitis diagnosed using pulse oximetry?
Bronchiolitis may be suspected if oxygen saturation is below 92%, indicating severe hypoxaemia.
Which investigations are critical for confirming bronchiolitis?
RSV identification via immunofluorescence or RT-PCR of nasopharyngeal secretions, and pulse oximetry to assess oxygen levels.
What is the primary management strategy for bronchiolitis?
Management is primarily supportive, focusing on oxygen therapy, hydration, and feeding assistance.
Why are bronchodilators and corticosteroids not recommended in bronchiolitis management?
They have not shown benefits in altering the course of bronchiolitis and do not improve clinical outcomes.
What preventive measure is recommended for high-risk infants during RSV season?
Administration of Palivizumab, a monoclonal antibody, to prevent severe RSV infection.
What are the long-term outcomes for infants with bronchiolitis?
Most infants recover without long-term consequences, though some may develop recurrent wheezing or asthma-like symptoms.
What factors increase the risk of severe bronchiolitis?
Pre-existing conditions like congenital heart disease or bronchopulmonary dysplasia can increase the risk of severe disease.
