Bronchodilators, Martin DSA

Question 1

short acting beta 2 agonists

Answer 1

albuterol,! levalbuterol!

pirbuterol

Question 2

long acting beta 2 agonists

Answer 2

formoterol!
salmeterol!
indacaterol
arformoterol

Question 3

What is mechanism of action for beta agonists

Answer 3

increase cAMP so decrease intracell Ca, Sm mm relazation and inhibition of mediator release from mast cells

Question 4

what is salmeterol used for

Answer 4

prevention nighttime asthma attacks and prophylactic bronchodilaiton

Question 5

What is best combination to control escalating asthma

Answer 5

long term beta agonist with an inhaled corticosteroid

Question 6

side effects of oral beta agonists

Answer 6

skel muscle tremor, muscle cramps, tachyarrhythmias, metabolic disturbances

Question 7

What are the anticholinergic bronchodilators

Answer 7

ipratropium bromide
triotropium
quaternary amines

Question 8

what are ipratropium and tiotropium used to Tx

Answer 8

COPD

Question 9

describe difference in dosing of ipratropium and tiotropium

Answer 9

iprotropium bronchodilation may last up to 6 hours

tiotropium dosed once per day

Question 10

What combination with ipratropium is used for severe asthma exacerbations exist

Answer 10

albuterol and ipratropium bromide

Question 11

What asthma drug is used intranasaly to decrease secretions

Answer 11

ipratropium

Question 12

What are Tx benefits of theophylline

Answer 12

bronchodilation
but also stimulates CNS, cardiac, modest peripheral vasodilation and improved skel m contractility
thiazide like diuresis

Question 13

what must you monitor if administer theophylline

Answer 13

plasam drug levels

Question 14

when theophylline blood levels reach 15 mcg/mL what side effects may occurq

Answer 14

vomiting, abdominal discomfort, headache and anxiety

Question 15

What is Roflumilast and what is it used for

Answer 15

PDE4 inhibitor approbed for COPD exacerbations

increased cAMP

Question 16

What are sideeffects of roflumilast

Answer 16

nausea and diarrhea

psych symptoms and weight loss

Question 17

What corticosteroids have been approved for asthma

Answer 17

beclomethasone dipropionate
budesonide dipropionate
cyclesonide
fluticason
flunisolide
mometasone furoate

Question 18

What oral corticosteroids are used for asthma

Answer 18

prednisome, methylprenisolone, prenisolone

Question 19

What corticosteroids have been approved for seasonal and allergic rhinitis

Answer 19

budesonide sipropionate
fluticasone propionate
mometasone furoate

Question 20

what is mech of action of corticosteroids

Answer 20

bind intracell cortisol R that negatviely regulate gene trancription
inhibit release of cytokinda, vasoactive and chemoattractive factors, enzymes and dec mobilizaiton of leikocytes
anti-inflammatory

Question 21

What is a concern with corticosteroids in children

Answer 21

growth retardation

Question 22

what are the adverse effects with long term daily use oral corticosteroids

Answer 22

glucose intolerance, weight gain, inc BP, osteoporosis, cataracts, immunosuppression, mood disorder

Question 23

What is cromolyn sodium used for

Answer 23

inhibits release of histamine and other autocoids from mast cells and indirectly inhibits Ag-induced bronchospasm

Question 24

What is Therapeutic use of cromolyn sodium

Answer 24

prophylactic asthma attacks, not ongoing bronchospasm

Question 25

What are the anti-leukotriene drugs

Answer 25

montelukast, zafirlukast, zileuton

Question 26

What anti leukotriene blocks synthesis? block R?

Answer 26

zileuton blocks synthesis | montelukast and zafirlukast block LTD4 Receptor

Question 27

What is omalizumab

Answer 27

monoclonal Ab against IgE | have serious life threatening HS reaction to drug

Question 28

What is Tx for allergic thinitis

Answer 28

topical corticosteroids and aqueous nasal spray or cromolyn sodium

Question 29

What is a problem with alpha adrenergic agonists used for nasal decongestants

Answer 29

rebound congestion

Question 30

What are the sympathomimetic agents for nasal decongestant

Answer 30

phenyleprhine and pseudoephedrine

Question 31

monothterapy with inhaled corticosteroids is not approved for what

Answer 31

COPD

Question 32

What is the new type therapy for cOPD

Answer 32

triple. corticosteroid, beta agonist and tiotropium

Question 33

What are major indications for anttitussives

Answer 33

acutre control of nonproductive cough

Question 34

What are the antitissuive drugs

Answer 34

opoids: codeine and dextromethorphan- less side effects | non-opoids: benzonatate, diphenhydramine

Question 35

how do opoids prevent coughing

Answer 35

act on CNS and suppress cough reflex

Question 36

what are advserse effects of opoid antitussives

Answer 36

CNS- euphoria, depression of respiratory and vasomotor GI- constipation, nausea, vomiting GU- urinary hestancy or retention Drug-Drug: additive CNS depression with sedative hy[notics, phenothiazines and tricyclic antidepressants

Question 37

what is mech of non-opoid antitussives

Answer 37

act directly on nerve endings in pharynx

Question 38

What is indications for non-popooid antitussives

Answer 38

control of minor transient cough

Question 39

how do mucolytics work

Answer 39

facilitate depolymeriztation of mucopolysaccharides in dried airway secretions

Question 40

what are the expectorant drugs

Answer 40

guafenesin and potassium iodied and iodinated glycerol

Question 41

What is use of recombinant DNAse

Answer 41

nebulizer solution for Tx CF | maybe in COPD excacerbations