Brooke- The Federal System Flashcards
Abraham Lincoln
16th President of the United States; saved the Union during the American Civil War and emancipated the slaves; was assassinated by Booth
Andrew Johnson
was the 17th President of the United States, serving from 1865 to 1869. He assumed the presidency as he was Vice President of the United States at the time of the assassination of Abraham Lincoln.
Barack Obama
US Democratic statesman, 44th president of the US 2009–17; full name Barack Hussein Obama. He was the first African American to be elected to the presidency, and was re-elected in 2012 for a second term. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2009.
Barron V. Baltimore (1833)
is a landmark United States Supreme Court case in 1833, which helped define the concept of federalism in US constitutional law. The Court established a precedent that the Bill of Rights did not apply to the state governments.
Bill Of Attainder
an item of legislation (prohibited by the US Constitution) that inflicts attainder without judicial process.
Block Grant
money that is awarded, or granted, by a national government to state and local officials. They are earmarked for a specific project or projects, and typically there are guidelines as to how the money can be spent.
Calvin Coolidge
was an American politician and the 30th President of the United States. A Republican lawyer from New England, born in Vermont, Coolidge worked his way up the ladder of Massachusetts state politics, eventually becoming governor.
Categorical grants
are grants issued by the United States Congress which may be spent only for narrowly defined purposes. … Categorical grants are intended to help states improve the overall well-being of their residents, though they do give leverage to the Federal Government.
Civil war
a war between citizens of the same country.
Charter
a written grant by a country’s legislative or sovereign power, by which an institution such as a company, college, or city is created and its rights and privileges defined.
Concurrent powers
is a political power independently exercisable by both federal and state governments in the same field of legislation. It is a power delegated to the federal government by the U.S. Constitution that is also held by the states. It is the power shared by the federal and state governments.
Confederate States of America
A republic formed in February, 1861, and composed of the 11 Southern states that seceded from the United States in order to preserve slavery and states’ rights. It was dissolved in 1865 after being defeated in the American Civil War.
Confederation
the action of confederating or the state of being confederated.
Cooperative Federalism
also known as marble-cake federalism, is a concept of federalism in which national, state, and local governments interact cooperatively and collectively to solve common problems, rather than making policies separately but more or less equally
counties
a political and administrative division of a state, providing certain local governmental services.
Democracy
a system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives.
Dillon’s rule
A rule of judicial interpretation that a municipality may exercise only those powers expressly conferred by statute, necessarily or fairly implied by the expressed power in the statute, or essential and not merely convenient.
Dred Scott v. Sandford(1857)
The definition of citizenship. Origins of the case. Dred Scott was an enslaved African American who had lived for a while in illinois and in the Wisconsin Territory, both of which banned slavery. Scott sued for his freedom, arguing that since he had lived in a free state and a free territory, he was a free man.
Dual Federalism
also known as layer-cake federalism or divided sovereignty, is a political arrangement in which power is divided between the federal and state governments in clearly defined terms, with state governments exercising those powers accorded to them without interference from the federal government.
enumerated powers
The powers of the federal government that are specifically described in the Constitution are sometimes called ‘delegated’ or ‘expressed powers,’ but most often they are known as ‘enumerated powers,’ and they describe how a central government with three distinct branches can operate effectively.
Ex post facto laws
a law that retroactively changes the legal consequences of actions that were committed, or relationships that existed, before the enactment of the law.
Extradition clause
Interstate Rendition Clause of the United States Constitution is Article IV, Section 2, Clause 2, which provides for the extradition of a criminal back to the state where he or she has committed a crime.
