Brpt 04

Question 1

Hypoxia

Answer 1

Lack of oxygen at the tissue level; does not meet cellular needs

Question 2

Hypoxemia

Answer 2

Lack of oxygen in the arterial blood

Question 3

Hyperoxia

Answer 3

Increased levels of oxygen to the tissues usually due to the use of supplement O2

Question 4

Hypocapnea (hypocarbia)

Answer 4

Decrease in CO2 in the blood

Question 5

Hypercapnea (hypercarbia)

Answer 5

Increase in CO2 in the blood

Question 6

Cyanosis

Answer 6

Bluish tinge of skin and mucous membrane visible when you have 5 Gm/100 ml or 5 % of blood of dissociated hemoglobin

Question 7

Secondary polycythemia

Answer 7

Increased production of RBCs. Compensatory mechanism to decreased levels of oxygen in the blood

Question 8

A/C membrane has three main barriers:

Answer 8

Alveolar epithelium
Interstitial space and its structures
Capillary endothelium

Question 9

Where is the highest CO2 level

Answer 9

In the venous blood

Question 10

Hypoxemia aka hypoxic hypoxia

Answer 10

In adequate delivery of oxygen to the lungs or from the lungs got the blood

Question 11

Causes of hypoxemia (hypoxic hypoxia)

Answer 11

Hypoventilation
High altitude
Shunt
V/Q mismatch

Question 12

Does Hypoxemia (hypoxic hypoxia) respond to oxygen therapy?

Answer 12

Yes except for shunts because of no blood flow

Question 13

Anemic Hypoxia

Answer 13

Hemoglobin deficiency

Question 14

Anemic Hypoxia causes

Answer 14

Carbon monoxide poisoning, loss of hb

Question 15

Does Anemic hypoxia respond well to oxygen therapy?

Answer 15

Yes

Question 16

Circulatory hypoxia

Answer 16

Stagnant or hypoperfusion or low blood flow

Question 17

Circulatory hypoxia causes

Answer 17

Ischemia, cardiac pump failure, shock

Question 18

Does Circulatory hypoxia respond to oxygen therapy?

Answer 18

Yes as long as the pump is working. Do not withhold oxygen from patient

Question 19

Histotoxic hypoxia (dysoxia)

Answer 19

Poisoning of the cellular oxygen utilization mechanism has occurred

Question 20

Histotoxic hypoxia (dysoxia) example

Answer 20

Cyanide poisoning

Question 21

Does histotoxic hypoxia (dysoxia) respond to oxygen therapy?

Answer 21

No

Question 22

Acute hypoxia sign/symptoms

Answer 22

Tachypnea, increase depth of rr, tachycardia, arrhythmia, confusion

Question 23

Chronic hypoxia signs/symptoms

Answer 23

Increased AP diameter on CXR and secondary polycythemia

Question 24

Indications for oxygen use

Answer 24

PaO2 <60mmHg or SaO2 <90%

Question 25

When hypoxia is suspected

Answer 25

severe trauma, increase work of heart and breathing, acute myocardial infarction

Question 26

Possible hazard/side effect of oxygen use

Answer 26

Absorption atelectasis and oxygen toxicity

Question 27

How does oxygen toxicity occur

Answer 27

Increased FiO2

Question 28

PIO2 definition

Answer 28

Partial pressure of inspired oxygen

Question 29

PAO2 definition

Answer 29

Partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli

Question 30

PaO2 definition

Answer 30

Partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood

Question 31

PvO2 definition

Answer 31

Partial pressure of oxygen in mixed venous blood

Question 32

SaO2 definition

Answer 32

Oxygen saturation of hemoglobin in arterial blood

Question 33

SvO2 definiton

Answer 33

Oxygen saturation of hemoglobin in mixed venous blood

Question 34

PvCO2 definition

Answer 34

Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in mixed venous blood

Question 35

PACO2 definition

Answer 35

Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli

Question 36

PICO2 definition

Answer 36

Partial pressure of inspired carbon dioxide

Question 37

PACO2 definition

Answer 37

Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood

Question 38

PIO2 normal value

Answer 38

159 mmHg

Question 39

PAO2 normal value

Answer 39

99-100 mmHg

Question 40

PaO2 normal value

Answer 40

80-100 mmHg

Question 41

PvO2 normal value

Answer 41

40 mmHg

Question 42

SaO2 normal value

Answer 42

95-97.5 %

Question 43

SvO2 normal value

Answer 43

75%

Question 44

PvCO2 normal value

Answer 44

45 mmHg

Question 45

PACO2 normal value

Answer 45

40 mmHg

Question 46

PICO2 normal value

Answer 46

.23 mmHg

Question 47

PACO2 normal value

Answer 47

35-45 mmHg

Question 48

What do peripheral chemoreceptors respond to

Answer 48

PaO2 <60 mmHg (decreased oxygen in arterial blood)

Question 49

What does the body use to regulate the respiratory cycle?

Answer 49

Oxygen chemoreceptors

Question 50

Knocking out their hypoxic drive can occur as a result of?

Answer 50

Increased PaO2 (increased oxygen in arterial blood)

Question 51

Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP)

Answer 51

Increased PaO2 greater than 80 mmHg (oxygen in blood > 80)

Question 52

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD)

Answer 52

Fibrotic tissue damage caused by high levels of INHALED oxygen (FiO2)

Question 53

BPD vs ROP

Answer 53

BPD = increase of FiO2, ROP = increase of PaO2

Question 54

Absorption Atelectasis

Answer 54

Collapse of alveoli because of high levels of inhaled air (FiO2 increase) causing the elimination of N2 from the lung

Question 55

Affinity when O2 dissociation curve shifts RIGHT

Answer 55

Decrease

Question 56

Affinity when dissociation curve shifts LEFT

Answer 56

Increased

Question 57

If the oxyhemoglobin curve shifts to the RIGHT identify the factors that can affect it

Answer 57

Decrease PH, increase temperature, increased 2,3 DPG, increase PaCO2

Question 58

If the oxyhemoglobin curve shifts to the LEFT identify the factors that can affect it

Answer 58

Increase PH, decrease in temperature, decrease 2,3 DPG, decrease in PaCO2

Question 59

a patient is hyperventilating and receives oxygen therapy we should expect cardiac output to

Answer 59

Decrease

Question 60

Arterial blood gas values reflect gas exchange at the _______ level

Answer 60

Pulmonary

Question 61

Venous blood gas values reflect gas exchange at the _________ level

Answer 61

Tissue