Brucella practical Flashcards
(41 cards)
1
Q
BRUCELLA: Taxonomy, habitat and morphology
A
- Taxonomy:
• monospecies system: B. melitensis, within the species biovars
• B. melitensis biovar abortus 1, 2, 3, ….
• multispecies system: B. abortus 1, 2, 3, ….
• both systems are in use - Habitat:
• infected host - Morphology:
• 0.6-1.5 µm coccoid rods
2
Q
BRUCELLA: Staining
A
• Gram negative • Köster-staining • 3% safranin 3-5 minutes, steam once • 0.5% H2SO4 • washing • methylene blue 2 min • modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining
3
Q
BRUCELLA: Culture
A
• obligate aerobic, • fastidious (vitamin, yeast extract) • CO2 • S-R colonies (at the isolation) - S colonies: B. melitensis, B. abortus, B. suis - R colonies: B. canis, B. ovis • selective culture: • polymyxin, bacitracin, cycloheximide, • (laboratory animals)
4
Q
BRUCELLA: Biochemistry and antigens
A
6. Biochemistry: • catalase +, • oxidase +, • urease + 7. Antigens: • close antigen relationship • „S colony type”: • B. melitensis - B. abortus - B. suis cross reaction • „R colony type”: • B. ovis - B. canis cross reaction • cell wall • A and M polysaccharides: B. melitensis - B. abortus - B. suis
5
Q
BRUCELLA: Groups and resistance
A
8. Groups: • species: •phage susceptibility (Tbilisi phage) •oxidative metabolism, •natural host • biotype: •CO2 demand, •H2S, •fuchsin/thionin tolerance, •agglutination 9. Resistance: • medium
6
Q
BRUCELLA: Pathogenicity
A
10. Pathogenicity: • facultative intra cellular bacterium • B. melitensis: goat, sheep, • B. abortus: cattle, • B. suis: swine, hare, reindeer, rodents • B. pinnipediales: seal, walrus • B. ceti: whale, dolphin • B. ovis: sheep • B. canis: dog, • B. neotomae: desert rat • B. microti: vole
7
Q
BURKHOLDERIA: Habitat, morphology, staining, culture and species
A
1. Habitat: • mucous membranes (B. mallei), soil, water, plants (B. pseudomallei) 2. Morphology: • 1.5-5 µm rod, flagella (except B. mallei) 3. Staining: • Gram negative 4. Culture: • not fastidious, obligate aerobic, • pigment production 5. Species: • B. mallei • B. pseudomallei
8
Q
Burkholderia (Pseudomonas) mallei: Habitat, morphology, staining and culture
A
1. Habitat: • host 2. Morphology: • 1.5-5 µm rod • no flagella 3. Staining: • irregular 4. Culture: • glycerol supports, • no pigment production
9
Q
Burkholderia (Pseudomonas) mallei: Biochemistry, resistance
A
5. Biochemistry: • catalase +, • oxidase +, • oxidative 6. Resistance: • weak
10
Q
Burkholderia (Pseudomonas) mallei: Pathogenicity
A
- Pathogenicity:
• malleus/glanders (horse, donkey),
• cat,
• human
11
Q
Burkholderia (Pseudomonas) pseudomallei: Habitat, morphology and culture
A
1. Habitat: • soil, water, tropics 2. Morphology: • 1.5-5 µm rod • flagella 3. Culture: • glycerol agar: large colonies, • broth: layer • pigment
12
Q
Burkholderia (Pseudomonas) pseudomallei: Pathogenicity
A
- Pathogenicity:
• melioidosis
• swine, cattle, sheep, goat, dog, cat, human
13
Q
PSEUDOMONAS: Habitat, morphology, staining and culture
A
1. Habitat: • mucous membranes, soil, water, plants 2. Morphology: • 1.5-5 µm rod, flagella 3. Staining: • Gram negative 4. Culture: • not fastidious, • obligate aerobic, • pigment production
14
Q
PSEUDOMONAS: Pathogenicity and species
A
5. Pathogenicity: • saprophytes – plant pathogens – animal pathogens 6. Species • Pseudomonas aeruginosa • Pseudomonas anguilliseptica
15
Q
Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Habitat, morphology and culture
A
1. Habitat: • environment, water, sewage, gut 2. Morphology: • 1 polar flagellum, • polar fimbria 3. Culture: • simple, 5-42 oC, • β haemolysis, • odour • pigments: • piocianin • fluorescein
16
Q
Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Biochemistry, antigens and resistance
A
4. Biochemistry: • catalase +, • oxidase +, 5. Antigens: • O antigen • 27 O antigens - several components - H antigens • phage typing, • pyocin typing 6. Resistance: • resistance - quaterner NH4 salts, - amphoteric disinfectants • susceptibility - dehydration, - heat, -most disinfectants
17
Q
Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Pathogenicity
A
7. Pathogenicity: • facultative pathogenic, • local suppuration, • cattle, mare: - mastitis, metritis, • sheep: - dermatitis • dog: - otitis externa, • fur animals: - septicaemia
18
Q
Pseudomonas anguilliseptica: Pathogenicity
A
2. Pathogenicity: • salmon, eel: • septicaemia, • keratitis, • haemorrhages
19
Q
AEROMONAS: Habitat, morphology, staining and culture
A
1. Habitat: • water, sewage, gut 2. Morphology: • 1-4 µm rods, generally flagellated 3. Staining: • Gram negative 4. Culture: • simple, aerobic, facultative anaerobic
20
Q
AEROMONAS: Biochemistry and species/groups
A
- Biochemistry:
• catalase +,
• oxidase + - Groups, species
• „mesophilic aeromonas” species: A. hydrophila
• „psychrofilic aeromonas” species: A. salmonicida
21
Q
Aeromonas hydrophila: Morphology and culture
A
1. Morphology: • 1-4 µm rods, • flagella 2. Culture: • simple, • haemolysis, • optimal temperature 28 oC
22
Q
Aeromonas hydrophila: Biochemistry and pathogenicity
A
3. Biochemistry: • sometimes gas is produced • resembles E. coli 4. Pathogenicity: • facultative pathogenic, • fishes, amphibians, reptiles - septicaemia, • farm animals - colonisation
23
Q
Aeromonas salmonicida: Morphology and culture
A
1. Morphology: • small coccobacillus, no flagella 2. Culture: • optimal temperature: 20 oC, • dark brown pigment
24
Q
Aeromonas salmonicida: Pathogenicity
A
- Pathogenicity:
• facultative pathogenic
• fish (Salmonidae): furunculosis
25
FRANCISELLA: Habitat, morphology and staining
```
1. Habitat:
• rodents, arthropods, (environment)
2. Morphology:
• 0.5-2 µm coccoid rods,
• thin capsule
3. Staining:
• Gram negative,
• bipolar
```
26
FRANCISELLA: Culture
```
4. Culture:
• aerobic, fastidious,
• additives:
• protein,
• cystein, cystin,
• yeast extract
• media:
• Francis-blood agar:
• cystein – glucose – rabbit serum
• cystein – glucose – egg
```
27
FRANCISELLA: Biochemistry, antigens and resistance
```
5. Biochemistry:
• catalase +,
• oxidase -
• glycerol
•+: F. tularensis subsp. tularensis
•-: F. tularensis subsp. holarctica (palaearctica)
•+: F. tularensis subsp. mediasiatica
6. Antigens:
• uniform,
• cross reactions
•Brucella spp.
• Y. pestis
7. Resistance:
• weak
• good survival in cold
```
28
FRANCISELLA: Pathogenicity
```
8. Pathogenicity:
• tularaemia
•rodents,
•dog,
•cat,
•cattle,
•swine,
•sheep,
•human
```
29
BORDETELLA: Habitat, morphology, staining, culture and biochemistry
```
1. Habitat:
• respiratory mucous membrane (mammals, birds)
2. Morphology:
• 2-3 µm rods
3. Staining:
• Gram negative
4. Culture:
• obligate aerobic
5. Biochemistry:
• catalase +,
• oxidase +,
• cannot utilise carbohydrates
```
30
BORDETELLA: Species
```
6. Species
• B. pertussis: human pertussis
• B. parapertussis: human parapertussis
• B. bronchiseptica
• B. avium
```
31
Bordetella bronchiseptica: Habitat, morphology and culture
1. Habitat:
• mucous membrane, respiratory (swine, dog, cat, horse, rabbit)
2. Morphology:
• rods,
• fimbria
3. Culture:
• simple,
• growth on media containing only citrate
• selective isolation:
• crystal violet, bile salts, penicillin, nitrofurantoin
32
Bordetella bronchiseptica: Biochemistry and antigens
```
4. Biochemistry:
• cytotoxins,
• dermonecrotoxin
5. Antigens:
• several O, K, H and fimbria antigens
```
33
Bordetella bronchiseptica: Resistance and pathogenicity
```
6. Resistance:
• medium
7. Pathogenicity:
• facultative pathogenic,
• swine
• atrophic rhinitis (with P. multocida),
• rabbit
• pneumonia
• dog
• complication to distemper,
• cat
• bronchitis, bronchopneumonia
```
34
Bordetella avium: Habitat, morphology, culture and biochemistry
```
1. Habitat:
• poultry respiratory tract
2. Morphology:
• capsule, flagella, fimbria
3. Culture:
• simple
4. Biochemistry:
• cytotoxins,
• dermonecrotoxin
```
35
Bordetella avium: Pathogenicity
5. Pathogenicity:
• avian bordetellosis (coryza-like),
• chicken
36
MORAXELLA: Habitat, morphology, staining and resistance
```
1. Habitat:
• mucous membranes (upper respiratory way, conjunctiva)
2. Morphology:
• 1-3 µm coccoid rods, capsule, pairs
3. Staining:
• Gram negative
4. Resistance:
• weak
```
37
MORAXELLA: Subgenera and species
```
5. Subgenera:
• Moraxella,
• Branhamella
6. Species
• M. (M.) lacunata: human kerato-conjunctivitis
• M.(M.) bovis
• M. (B.) ovis
```
38
Moraxella (Moraxella) bovis: Morphology, culture, biochemistry and antigens
```
1. Morphology:
• rods in pairs,
• fimbria
2. Culture:
• fastidious, blood agar,
• β haemolysis
3. Biochemistry:
• catalase +,
• oxidase +,
• extra cellular enzymes
• proteases,
• hyaluronidase,
• fibrinolysine
4. Antigens:
• fimbria 7 groups
```
39
Moraxella (Moraxella) bovis: Pathogenicity
5. Pathogenicity:
| • cattle infectious kerato-conjunctivitis (pink eye)
40
Moraxella (Branhamella) ovis: Habitat and morphology
```
1. Habitat:
• sheep, calf: conjunctiva, nasal cavity
2. Morphology:
• cocci in pairs,
• fimbriae on some of them
```
41
Moraxella (Branhamella) ovis: Pathogenicity
3. Pathogenicity:
• facultative pathogenic,
• keratoconjunctivitis of sheep, goats and young calves
