Bryophytes

Question 1

What is a bryophyte?

Answer 1

Non-vascular plants
Mosses, liverworts and hornworts
Not roots, xylem or phloem
Rely on cell-to-cell transport

Question 2

Dominant life phase

Answer 2

Gametophyte (n)

Question 3

Life cycle

Answer 3

1. Gametophyte (n) to gametes (n) (mitosis)
2. Gametes (n) to sporophyte (2n) (fertilisation)
3. Sporophyte (2n) to spores (n) (meiosis)
4. Spores (n) to gametophyte (n) (spore germination)

Question 4

What phase is dependent on what?

Answer 4

Sporophyte is dependent on gametophyte

Question 5

How many types of NZ mosses?

Answer 5

> 500 mosses in NZ, around 100 endemic

Question 6

What is sphagnum?

Answer 6

Peat moss, form carpet-like patches in dense colonies, hold lots of water and acidify soil

Question 7

What are peat bogs

Answer 7

Wetlands full of partially decaying vegetation after moss, from peat moss: 30% of stored carbon of the earth in large areas of peat moss

Question 8

Liverwort information

Answer 8

Over 10% of the worlds liverworts are native to NZ
Different to mosses in structure and spore dispersal

Question 9

Asexual reproduction in liverworts

Answer 9

Gammas cups, rain drops into cups and breaks a piece of tissue, which falls into moist areas and germinates

Question 10

Hornworts

Answer 10

Least common
Pencil like sporangia

Question 11

How are bryophytes adapt to harsh conditions?

Answer 11

Waxy cuticle, stomata, gametangia, sporopollenin

Question 12

How is the waxy cuticle advantageous?

Answer 12

Wax retains water from evaporation in dry conditions and protects the leaf

Question 13

How does the somata protect against harsh conditions?

Answer 13

Allows gas exchange and closes to prevent loss of nutrients, water or gases

Question 14

What do the gametangia and sporopollenin do?

Answer 14

Protect reproductive structures

Question 16

What change in bryophytes lead to Pteridophytes?

Answer 16

Formation of xylem and phloem Rely