BS Flashcards
(56 cards)
1
Q
Dorsal/ Medial lemniscal tract- Somatosensory
A
- Vibration
- Proprioception
- Texture (touch)
2
Q
Anteriolateral system- Somotosensations
A
- Temperature
- Visceral fullness and ischemia
- Pain
- Touch
3
Q
DCML and ALS- Somatosensations
A
Touch:
- Pressure
- Hair associated
4
Q
Skin receptor for touch
A
Meissner corpuscle
5
Q
Skin receptor for vibration
A
Pacinian corpuscle
6
Q
Skin receptor for pressure
A
Merkel’s disks
7
Q
Ophthalmic (V1) innervation
A
Forehead
- Eyeball
- Nose
- Dura mater
8
Q
Maxillary (V2) innervation
A
- Upper cheek
- Lips and teeth
- Nasal cavity
- Palate
9
Q
Mandibular (V3) innervation
A
- Lower lip
- Side of head
- Lower teeth
- TMJ
- Oral floor
- Anterior 2/3 tounge
- Sensory & motor
10
Q
Damage to medial cerebellum- Sx
A
- Lack of axial musculature
- Gait abn
- Ocular dysmetria (can’t fix gaze)
- Dysarthria- slurred/ slowed speech
11
Q
Damage to lateral cerebellum- Sx
A
- Incoordination of limbs
12
Q
Parkinson brain lesion location
A
- Substantia nigra nucleus
- Pars compact nucleus
13
Q
Parkinson sx
A
Hypokinesis
- Cant make voluntary mvmts
- Inhibited/ dulled emotions
- Slowed thinking
- Domamine as neurotransmitter
14
Q
Huntington lesion location
A
Caudate and putamen nuclei
15
Q
Huntington- Sx
A
- Hyperkinesis
- Move when don’t want to
- Volatile emotions
- Difficulty organizing, focusing
16
Q
Basal ganglia- Mvmt
A
- Suppression of unwanted critical activity- inhibitory neurons- Indirect
- Facilitate cortical activity (voluntary mvmt)- direct-
17
Q
Cerebellum- Mvmt
A
- Receives feedback from skeletal muscle
- Midcourse corrections
18
Q
Dermatome
A
- Area of skin supplied by single spinal nerve
- Symptoms indicate pathology at nerve root
19
Q
Medial lemniscus
A
- Lesions impair vibratory and touch pressure sense
- Decussates in medulla
20
Q
Dorsal column
A
- White matter in spinal cord
- Gracile and cunate fasiculus
- Fine touch and proprioception
- Cross over at medulla
21
Q
Gracile fasciulus
A
- Lower body sensory impulses
- Fine touch and proprioception
22
Q
Cunate fasiculus
A
- Upper body sensations
- Fine touch and proprioception
23
Q
Dorsal column nuculi
A
- Gracile and cunate nucleus
- Secondary neurons
- Fine touch and proprioception
24
Q
Dorsal horn
A
- Grey matter
- Process sensory information
- Place of synapse
25
Dorsal root ganglion
- Afferent fibers, relay info to PNS
| - Reflex processing- sensory processing
26
Enkephalin
- Neurotransmitters
- Inhibit pain perception
- Endorphin
27
Internal arcuate fibers
Second order
- Contained within gracile and count
- Medulla- decussate
- Fine touch and proprioception to thalamus
28
Internal capsule
- White matter
- Ascending and descending axons
- Motor information to cortex
29
Mechanoreceptor
- Afferent information
- Synapses in dorsal column
- Meissners, pacinian ruffini endings
30
Periaqueductal gray
- Descending pain modulation
- Enkephalin producing cells, pain suppression
- Cerebral aqueduct
31
Pseudounipolar neuron
- Soma in dorsal root ganglion
- Sensory receptors in skin, joints, muscles
- One axon with two branches- central and peripheral
32
Raphe nuclei
- Brain stem- reticular nuclei
- Release serotonin
- Regulate release of enkephalins
33
Reticular activating system
- Wakefulness and sleep
- Attention
- Reticular formation in brain stem
34
Rexed laminae
- Layers of grey matter in spinal cord
| - Labeling system
35
Serotonin
- Regulation of mood, sleep, appetite
- Memory and learning
- Happiness
- Most found in GI tract
36
Ventral posterior nucleus of thalamus
- Somatosensory relay nucleus
- Third order neurons
- Receives info from spinal tracts and relays to cortex
37
Ventral white commissure
- Pain and temperature cross sides here
- Motor signales
- Spinothalamic and anteriorcorticospinal tract
38
Anterior lobe of cerebellum
- Mediates unconscious proprioception
39
Bradykinesia
- Slow movement, impaired ability to adjust body positioning
| - Parkinsons
40
Caudate nucleus
- Basal ganglia
- Voluntary, directed mvmt
- Affected in Huntington
- Innervated by dopamine neurons
41
Cerebellar cortex
- Motor control
- Coordination, precision, accurate timing
- Damage = erratice, uncoordinate mcmt
42
Deep cerebellar nuclei
White matter
- Output area of of cerebella function
- Purkinje fibers
43
Dopamine
- Neurotransmitter- reward motivated behavior
- Tx for parkinsons
- High levels = schizo
- Reward behavior, motor control
44
Dorsal spinocerebellar tract
- Propriocetion to cerebellum
- From muscles and joints
- 1st order = dorsal root ganglia
45
Flocculus
- Input from vestibular system of inner ear
- Control of eye movement
- Regulates balance
46
Globus pallidus
- Component of basal ganglia
- Regulation of voluntary movement
- Inhibitory action of cerebellum
- Imbalance = jerks and tremors
47
Hyperkinetic signs
- Increase in muscular activity, excessive abn movement
- Huntingtons
- Improper regulation of basal ganglia
48
Hypotonia signs
- Decrease musc tone, reduced strength
- Parkinson
- Disruption of afferent input or cerebellum output
49
L-dopa
Precursor to dopamine, norepi and epi
| - Dystonia and parkinsons tx
50
Neuromelanin
- Dark pigment, substantia nigra
| - Degenerate during parkinson
51
Nigrostriatal tract
- Dopamine pathway
- Connets substantia nigra with striatum
- Involved in movement
52
Nodulus
- Cerebellum, part of vermis
| - Vestibular part of cerebellum
53
Putamen nucleus
- Part of basal ganglia
- Regulate automatic performance movement
- Influence learning
- GABA, Ach and enkephalin
54
Lead pipe rigidity
- Basal ganglia disease
- Stiffness and inflexibility
- Increased muscle tone, resistance of motion
55
Substantia nigra
- Midbrain
- Reward, addiction and movement
- Basal ganglia
56
Vestibular nuclei
- Cranial nuclei for vestibular nerve
| - Enter medulla obolongata
