BU2 Flashcards
1
Q
is a type of vertical transport equipment that efficiently moves people or goods between floors (levels, decks) of a building, vessel or other structures.
A
Elevator/Lift
2
Q
It consists of a car attached to the top of an hydraulic jack, similar to the jack used to lift cars in a service station.
A
Hydraulic Elevator
3
Q
The electric motor and most other equipment are normally located above the elevator shaft.
A
Traction Elevator
4
Q
Consists of a dc or ac motor, the shaft of which is directly connected to a brake wheel and driving sheave
A
Gearless Traction Machine
5
Q
They are typically traction elevators that do not have a dedicated machine room above the elevator shaft.
A
Machine-Room-Less Elevators
6
Q
They hold their own power device on them, mostly electric or combustion engine. Climbing elevators are often used in work and construction areas.
A
Climbing Elevator
7
Q
are raised and lowered by controlling air pressure in a chamber in which the elevator sits.
A
Pneumatic Elevators
8
Q
puts the cab on the outside of the building. Traction lifting machine is placed behind the cab.
A
Outdoor Elevators
9
Q
are most often recognized as passenger elevators called ski lifts.
A
Incline Elevators
10
Q
usually are not enclosed by having a have a fence or
gate running around the perimeter to keep cargo from slipping off during transport.
A
Platform Elevators
11
Q
are almost always outdoor elevators even though some smaller versions are designed for indoor use such as those used in warehouses.
A
Freight Elevators
12
Q
A cage of some fire-resistant material supported on a structural frame, to the top member of which the lifting cables are fastened
A
Car
13
Q
They are used on traction type elevators and placed in parallel are 4 to 8 cables, depending on car speed and capacity, and fastened to the cross-head (top beam of the elevator)
A
Cables
14
Q
Consist of a heavy structural frame on which are mounted the sheave and the driving motor, gears (if any), brakes, magnetic safety brakes, and other auxiliaries
A
Elevator machines
15
Q
– Made up of cut-steel plates stacked in a frame attached to the opposite ends of the cables to which the car is fastened
– Guided in its travel up and down the shaft by 2 guide rails typically installed on the back wall off the shaft
A
Counterweights
16
Q
– Vertical passageway for the car and counterweights
– On its sidewalls are the car guide rails and certain mechanical and electrical auxiliaries of the control apparatus
A
Shaft/Hoistway
17
Q
- Usually directly above the hoistway
- Contains the traction machine and the motor-generator set that supplies energy to the elevator machine and control equipment
A
Elevator Machine Room
18
Q
Steel Tracks in the form of a “T” that run the length of the hoistway, round, or formed sections with guiding surfaces to guide and direct the course of travel of an elevator car and elevator counterweights and usually mounted to the sides of the hoistway.
A
Guide Rails
19
Q
The bottom of the shaft where the car and counterweight buffers are located
A
Elevator Pit
20
Q
are power-operated and are synchronized with the leveling controls so that the doors are fully opened by the time a car comes to a complete stop at the landing. The closing time, however, varies with the type of door and the size of the opening.
A
Elevator Doors
21
Q
is a moving staircase – a conveyor transport device for carrying people between floors of a building.
A
Escalator
22
Q
It is a hollow metal structure that bridges the lower and upper landings. It is composed of two side sections joined together with cross braces across the bottom and just below the top.
A
Escalator Truss
23
Q
It is built into the truss to guide the step chain, which continuously pulls the steps from the bottom platform and back to the top in an endless loop.
A
Track System
24
Q
are located at the top and bottom pits. Most of the outer circle tracks have access windows for easy step removal. Some are mounted on a removable or replaceable curve plate.
A
Circle track
25
provides smooth transition of chain wheels to and from the carriage sprockets.
Bevelled track
26
is used to hold down and guide chain wheels to and from the transition.
Chain Wheel
27
These are solid, one piece, die- cast aluminum or steel. Yellow demarcation lines may be added to clearly indicate their edges.
Steps
28
It provides a convenient handhold for passengers while they are riding the escalator. In an escalator, it is pulled along its track by a chain that is connected to the main drive gear by a series of pulleys.
Handrail
29
consists of the handrail and the exterior supporting structure of the escalator.
Balustrade
30
provides the torque to drive the step band at a constant speed.
Drive machine and Gear Tracker
31
moves the handrail along the handrail tracking system through traction on the V-shaped handrail underside.
The Handrail drive system
32
It supplies oil to lubricate the main drive chain, step chain, and the handrail drive chains.
Auto-Lubrication System
33
It is an electromagnetically released, spring-applied, disk that is driven by a spline hub mounted to the extended worm input shaft of the gear-reducer.
Machine Break (Escalator)
34
It is also known as the Step Chain Locking Device or the broken drive chain device. It is often referred to by this name when it is used for maintenance purposes to lock the drive system. In this case, the guide shoe is removed to allow the pawl to drop and engage the ratchet.
Drive-Shaft-break System
35
It uses a pawl that is welded onto one end of the main drive shaft to engage a ratchet wheel with brake linings on both faces. The brake lining wheel is sandwiched between the handrail 1st drive sprocket and the step chain sprocket.
Main Drive Shaft Break
36
is one with an incline not exceeding 5 deg where the principal function is horizontal motion and inclined motion is incidental to the horizontal.
Moving Walk
37
is a device with an incline limited by code to 15 deg, where vertical motion is generally more important than the horizontal component
Moving Ramp
38
is a science and practice of controlling indoor climate, thereby providing health and comfortable interior conditions for occupants in a well-designed, energy-efficient, and low emissions manner.
HVAC
39
It is the chiller efficiency measured in Btu output (cooling capacity) divided by Btu input (electric power)
Coefficient of Performance (COP)
40
It is a rate of heating or cooling expressed in terms of Btu per hour. (1kW = 3412 Btu)
British Thermal Units per Hour (BTUH)
41
Theoretically it is energy required to melt one ton of ice in one hour.
Ton
42
All system components (air circulating fans/refrigerant compressor/condenser/cooling and heating coils) are contained within one box
Self-contained systems
43
Require a full complement of central equipment (boilers, chillers, cooling towers, circulating pumps and similar equipment) and space for these equipment
Central Systems
44
Comprised of the rigid base on which all the parts of the window air conditioner are assembled. The base is assembled inside the casing which is fitted into the wall or the window of the room in which the air conditioner is fitted.
Window Air-Conditioning Systems
45
It is fitted behind the evaporator or cooling coil inside the assemblyof the window air conditioner system. The blower sucks the air from the room which first passes over the air filter and gets filtered.
Blower
46
The condenser fan is the forced draft type of propeller fan that sucks the atmospheric air and blows it over the condenser.
Condenser Fan
47
It is located between the condenser and the evaporator coil. It has double shaft on one side of which the blower is fitted and on the other side the condenser fan is fitted.
Fan Motor
48
It comprises two parts: the outdoor unit and the indoor unit.
The outdoor unit, fitted outside the room, houses components like the compressor, condenser, condenser cooling fan, and the expansion valve.
The indoor unit comprises the evaporator or cooling coil, air filter, the cooling fan or blower, the drain pipe, and the louvers or fins.
Split-Type Air Conditioning System
49
In this system, the important components of the air conditioners are enclosed in a single casing like window AC. Thus, the compressor, cooling coil, air handling unit and the air filter are all housed in a single casing and assembled at the factory location.
Packaged Air Conditioning System
50
The condenser of the refrigeration system is cooled by the atmospheric air. There is an outdoor unit that comprises of the important components like the compressor, condenser and in some cases the expansion valve
Packaged Air Conditioners with Air-Cooled Condensers
51
are used for applications like big hotels, large buildings having multiple floors, hospitals, etc., where very high cooling loads are required.
Centralised Air Conditioning System
52
In this system the huge compressor, and the condenser are housed in the plant room, while the expansion valve and the evaporator or the cooling coil and the air handling unit are housed in separate room.
DX central air conditioning plant
53
This type of system is more useful for large buildings comprising of a number of floors. It has a plant room where the compressor, condenser, throttling valve and the evaporator are housed.
Chilled water central air conditioning plant
54
Produces the heat (steam or hot water boilers, warm air furnaces and radiant panels) or cooling (chillers and cooling towers, and air-cooled compressors in packaged equipment).
Generation Equipment
55
Method by which cooling and heating energy is "moved" throughout the building
Distribution System
56
Include devices that distribute conditioned air to the space
Terminal Equipment
57
Employ large, central air-handling units, that circulate conditioned air to and from the spaces through long runs of ductwork.
"All-air" Systems
58
operate at a constant airflow rate; only temperature varies to maintain the zone setpoint. Constant-volume units can be used in single-zone or multizone applications.
Constant Volume System
59
provide ventilation and cooling, usually through a single-duct system. If necessary, air is heated at the terminal unit.
Variable-volume systems
60
This is a cabinet that includes or houses the central furnace, air conditioner, or heat pump and the plenum and blower assembly that forces air through the ductwork.
Air-Handling Unit
61
These are the external louvers through which supply air is drawn into the building. It is generally equipped with volume control damper to regulate the amount of fresh air and economizing the quantity of outside air during favorable outside conditions.
Intake Louvers
62
These are used to remove particles of dust or dirt from the supply air.
Filters
63
These heat up the incoming airstream using coils through which hot water is passed or banks of electric heating elements.
Heating Coils
64
These cool the incoming airstream using coils through which refrigerant or water is passed.
Cooling Coils
65
These are used to circulate the air through the network of ductwork.
Supply fans
66
It is a branching network of round or rectangular tubes generally constructed of sheet metal, fiberglass board, or a flexible plastic and wire composite material located within the walls, floors, and ceilings.
Ductwork
67
These carry air from the air handler to the rooms in a house. Typically each room has at least one supply duct and larger rooms may have several.
Supply Ductwork
68
These carry air from the conditioned space back to the air handler. Most houses have only one or two main return ducts located in a central area.
Return Ductwork
69
These are boxes made of duct board, metal, drywall or wood that distribute air to individual ducts or registers.
Supply and Return Plenums
70
These use hot water coils or electric heating elements to heat up the air being supplied to one part of the building according to the temperature in that space.
Terminal reheat heating coils
71
These are the points at which the air is either supplied into or extracted from the space, and may be ceiling- mounted or wall-mounted. Also called diffusers or registers.
Supply and Extract Grilles
72
These connect ductwork to registers
Boots
73
These are used to extract the air from the space and
| discharge it to outside.
Extract fans
74
These are interconnections between inlet and outlet ductwork sections, which let a controlled amount of air re-circulate around the air conditioning system when full fresh air is not required.
Return air duct
75
These are the external louvers through which extract air is discharged from the building.
Exhaust Louvers
76
An all-water hydronic system typically use small modular equipment, such as fan-coil units or unit ventilators, to provide the local temperature control. When heating, the terminal units draw heat from the water and when cooling these reject heat to the water.
Centralised Fluid-based Hydronic Systems
77
Employs a single heating/cooling coil in each terminal unit and a single set of distribution pipes
Two-pipe all-water systems
78
Uses fan coil units, which include two separate coils, a chilled water coil and a hot water coil
Four-pipe all-water system
79
are the primary piece of equipment in a central cooling system. These devices remove the heat gathered by the re-circulating chilled water system as it cools the building. Selection depends on the fuel source and the total cooling load.
Chillers
80
compresses the refrigerant gas, causing it to become much warmer than the outside air. The refrigerant enters on the "suction side" and after it leaves the compressor, the refrigerant is referred to as "hot gas”.
Compressor
81
are driven by a motor and use pistons, cylinders and valves to compress the refrigerant. They use a proven technology and generally have a lower initial cost than other chiller types.
Reciprocating Compressors
82
These are based on a mechanism made up of two threaded interfitting rotors (screws) that are coupled together to compress the volume occupied by the gas (refrigerant).
Rotating Screw Compressors
83
are made up of a rotor located inside a special chamber.
The rotor compresses the refrigerant, is rotated at high speed, imparting high kinetic energy to the gas, which is forced through the narrow outlet opening, thus increasing its pressure.
Centrifugal Compressors
84
These generally have smaller capacities than many other types and are becoming popular in residential equipment.
Scroll Compressors
85
It is a heat rejection device, installed outside of the building envelope, through which condenser water is circulated.
Cooling Tower
86
In forced draft cooling towers, air is "pushed" through the tower from an inlet to an exhaust.
Forced Draft Tower
87
A second type of tower, induced draft has a fan in the wet air stream to draw air through the fill.
Induced Draft Tower
88
It has no mechanical means to create airflow. Natural-draft cooling towers use the buoyancy of the exhaust air rising in a tall chimney to provide the draft.
Natural Draft Tower
89
Consists of more than one AHU served by the same source of heat and/or cooling. These are usually custom built for particular application.
Central System AHU
90
Consists of a factory-assembled AHU and cooling compressor contained within a compact enclosure. It is distinguished from a room air conditioner by its capability of being connected to a ductwork.
Unitary Equipment
91
It is a self-contained air conditioner that does not receive hot or cold water from a central plant. It conditions the air and provides it with motive force and is equipped with its own heating and cooling sources.
Package Unit
92
It is installed on the roof and is completely weatherproof.
Rooftop Unit
93
It is also a single packaged and factory-fabricated unit. It is usually installed in a fan room or a machinery room. A small or medium-sized indoor packaged unit could be floor mounted directly inside the conditioned space with or without ductwork
Indoor Packaged Units
94
It consists of two separate pieces of equipment: an indoor air handler and an outdoor condensing unit. The indoor air handler is often installed in the fan room. Small air handlers can be ceiling hung.
Split Packaged Units
95
It is a small-scale air handling unit with circulation fan, cooling and/or heating coil, filter, and appropriate controls. It is essentially a terminal device because it serves only one room or a small group of rooms.
Fan Coil Unit (FCU)
96
It comprises a sensing element which transmits power to a valve through a capillary, bellows and diaphragm
Direct Acting Systems
97
It provides ON / OFF or two-position control. In residential and small commercial applications, low voltage electrical controls are most common.
Electronic Systems
98
It is for large buildings historically has been pneumatics which can provide both On-Off and modulating control.
Pneumatic Systems
99
The sensors and output devices (e.g., actuators, relays) used for electronic control systems are usually the same ones used
Microprocessor Systems
100
the most common air outlet. They have either radial or directional discharge which is parallel to the mounted surface.
Ceiling Diffuser
101
long narrow air supply device with an air distribution slot between 12-25mm in length. Various types are linear bar, T-bar slot, linear slot, and light diffuser.
Linear Slot Outlets
102
a supply air outlet that consists of a frame enclosing a set of vanes which can be mounted vertically, horizontally or in both directions.
Grille
103
minimum temperature at which sufficient vapors are released to form an ignitable mixture
Flash point
104
temperature at which sufficient vapors are released to support continuous combustion once ignited
Fire point
105
minimum temperature at which self-sustained combustion occurs without an external ignition source
Ignition Temperature
106
Visible and tactile elements of fire that can cause burns, shock, dehydration, heat exhaustion and fluid blockage of the respiratory tract
Thermal Combustion
107
− Smoke including gases
− Can be usually seen or smelled
− Made up of droplets of flammable tars and small particles of carbon suspended in the air
− Gases are extremely dangerous because they displace oxygen
Non-thermal Combustion
108
A system or portion of a combination system consisting of components and circuits arranged to monitor and annunciate the status of fire alarm or supervisory signal-initiating devices and to initiate the appropriate response to those signals.
Fire Alarm System
109
Receives signals and monitors them. Control panel also provides notifications in case of danger.
Control Panel
110
Provides power supply to the system. Power supply is located at the same place as the control panel.
Power Supply
111
Allows entering the password for setting or disengaging the device.
Keypad
112
Programmed to react to emergency situations For example, a zone detecting heat may respond by activating the sprinkler system within that zone, leaving all other zones unaffected.
Zone Feature
113
Includes the smoke and heat detectors.
Input Devices
114
Includes audio aspects − vocal or Horn.
Output Devices
