bug things (exam 3) Flashcards
(448 cards)
1
Q
list 4 insects orders
A
- Dipthera (flies)
- Siphonaptera (fleas)
- Phthiraptera (lice)
- hemiptera (bed bugs)
2
Q
what are 2 examples of arachnids
A
acari –
- TICKS
- MITES
3
Q
T/F
a mite is an insect
A
FALSE
4
Q
T/F
a tick is an insect
A
FALSE
5
Q
how many legs do adult insects have
A
3 pairs
6
Q
describe the body of an insect
A
head thorax and abdomen parts
7
Q
T/F
insects have antenna
A
TRUE
8
Q
where do larva develop for stomoxys calcitrans
A
in damp hay/decaying organic matter
9
Q
T/F
treating compost is a great way to rid of the stomoxys calcitrans
A
FALSE – but treat the animal and the environment
10
Q
species of fly that sits on the walls with its head up
A
stable fly – stomoxys calcitrans
11
Q
where do the females of haematobia irritans lay their eggs
A
in FRESH FECES
12
Q
T/F
both the male and female cullicoides take blood meal
A
FALSE – only the female does
13
Q
what do all adult flies have in common
A
NUISANCE
14
Q
what is the best prevention method for cullicoides spp
A
lower standing water, avoid marshy pastures
15
Q
T/F
the pupal stage of Cuterebra spp can be found on the host
A
FALSE – NEVER PUPAL STAGE ON HOST
16
Q
common name of hypoderma spp instar
A
cattle grub
**overwinter phase as this stage
17
Q
T/F
chickens can have sucking lice
A
FALSE – only chewing lice
18
Q
Are fleas or lice more host specific
A
LICE
19
Q
best prevention for fleas
A
environmental control
–mow lawn, vacuum, allow pet to roam in usual places once treated
20
Q
How many pairs of legs do acari
A
nymphs and adults - 4 pairs of legs
larva - 3 pairs of legs
21
Q
describe the body of acari
A
cephalo-thorax and abdomen
22
Q
T/F
acari have antenna
A
FALSE
23
Q
T/F
acari have palps
A
TRUE
24
Q
Life cycle of fleas
A
ELPA
25
describe where Fleas can be found in their life cycle
95% is in the environment -- treat environment!!
5% (adult fleas) on the host animal
26
Insect that is wingless with long legs, spines and combs
FLEAS
27
Ctenocephalides felis / canis HOST
dogs and cats
28
what is Ctenocephalides felis
a cat FLEA
29
where is Ctenocephalides felis found
skin of back, ventral abdomen, inner thighs
cats face
30
what is Ctenocephalides felis a vector for
D. caninum -- cestode
A. reconditium -- looks like heartworm with mff in blood
31
T/F
| a single bite from Ctenocephalides felis can cause a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction
TRUE -- you will see a dog with a bare butt
32
What is Echidnophaga spp. ?
A bird FLEA
33
what is the host of Echidnophaga spp.
Fowl
34
what is the common name of Echidnophaga spp.
stick tight flea
*has a blunt head and is smaller than the cat/dog flea
35
where on the host is Echidnophaga spp.
wattles, head, comb, eyes
36
what does Echidnophaga spp. cause in fowl
irritation
blood loss
anemia
37
"blood sucking lice"
Anoplura
38
highly pathogenic order of lice that causes anemia and skin damage
ANOPLURA
39
slow moving lice that have a pointed nose
Anoplura
40
also called the dog sucking louse
Lingonathus Setosus
41
host of Lingonathus Setosus
DOGS
42
what does Lingonathus Setosus do to dogs
lowers the body condition
43
Ovine face/body Louse
Lingonathus Ovillus
44
Ovine foot louse
Lingonathus Pedalis
45
host of Lingonathus Ovillus and Lingonathus Pedalis
sheep and goats
46
when does Lingonathus Ovillus and Lingonathus Pedalis proliferate most
WINTER
47
what order do Lingonathus Ovillus and Lingonathus Pedalis belong to
anoplura
48
what is the host of Haematopinus Suis ?
pigs
49
what order does Haematopinus Suis belong
anoplura
50
common name of Haematopinus Suis
sucking louse of swine
51
where on the pig is Haematopinus Suis
neck, jowl, flank, legs
| FAT ROLLS OF PIGS
52
host of Haematopinus eurysternus
cattle
53
common name of Haematopinus eurysternus
short nose cattle louse
54
T/F
| Haematopinus eurysternus is gregarious
TRUE
55
where do you find Haematopinus eurysternus on the cattle
HEAD, ears, eyes, nostrils
56
Haematopinus eurysternus order
anoplura -- sucking louse
57
Lingonathus Vituli host
cattle
58
Lingonathus Vituli common name
long nose cattle louse
59
where do you find Lingonathus Vituli on cattle
DEWLAP, head and neck
60
T/F
| Lingonathus Vituli is gregarious
TRUE
61
Lingonathus Vituli order
Anoplura
62
Solenopotes capillatus host
cattle
63
Solenopotes capillatus order
anoplura
64
Solenopotes capillatus locations on cattle
FACE, neck, dewlap, back, tail
65
Solenopotes capillatus common name
little blue cattle louse
66
Biting/chewing lice with a wide head
Ischnocera - chewing lice
67
what do Ischnocera cause clinically
alopecia, pruritis, restlessness, scratching
68
Trichodectes canis order
Ischnocera -- chewing louse
69
Trichodectes canis host
DOGS
70
Trichodectes canis location on host
ears, neck, tail, head
71
Trichodectes canis is a vector of what cestode
D. caninum
72
Felicola subrostratus order
ischnocera -- chewing louse
73
Felicola subrostratus host
CATS
74
Felicola subrostratus location on host
face, ears, back
75
Felicola subrostratus identification?
triangular posterior of head
76
common in elderly or chronically ill cats as well as long haired cat breeds
Felicola subrostratus -- chewing cat louse
77
Damalinia bovis host
cattle
78
Damalinia bovis order
ischnocera -- chewing louse
79
Damalinia bovis location on host
head, poll, neck, rump or tail
80
Damalinia ovis location
in wool
81
Damalinia ovis order
ischnocera -- chewing louse
82
Damalinia ovis host
sheep and goats
83
Damalinia bovis and ovis season of favored proliferation
WINTER
84
species of ischnocera with black lines on the abdomen
Damalinia bovis and Damalinia ovis
85
avian lice order
ischnocera -- chewing louse
86
avian lice host
chickens
87
avian lice location
depends on species
88
what do avian lice do to the chicken
feed on the feathers and cause feather plucking
89
two species of maggot flies
1. cochliomyia hominivorax
| 2. sarcophagidae spp.
90
Which species of maggot fly must be reported to authorities
cochliomyia hominivorax -- screwworms
was eradicated but was seen in florida recently in deer
91
maggot fly that is bluish green and has 3 stripes on the thorax
cochliomyia hominivorax
92
cochliomyia hominivorax common name
screwworms
93
T/F
| cochliomyia hominivorax can mate multiple times
FALSE - one and done entire life for females
** a good prevention is to release sterile males
94
screwworm larvae feed on what
they feed invasively on living tissue
95
site of infestation of screwworms / cochliomyia hominivorax
eggs laid in FRESH UNINFECTED wounds
96
what can cochliomyia hominivorax cause
blow fly strike
foul smelling lesions
RAPID DEATH
97
sarcophagidae spp. common name
flesh flies
98
2x size of a housefly
sarcophagidae spp.
99
Where do sarcophagidae spp. infect/lay first stage instars
INFECTED wounds
they like to be in blood or bloody secretions
Wool soiled with urine or feces
100
treatment and prevention for sarcophagidae spp.
sanitation and immediate wound treatment
101
Hemiptera
Cimex spp -- bed bugs
102
cimex spp host
nesting bird, bats, HUMANS
103
Life cycle for hemiptera
eggs - nymph (5x molts) - adult
104
How long can a bed bug (cimex spp) live without blood meal
more than 5 months
105
what do cimex spp cause clinically
they are blood suckers so blood loss and also allergic reactions to the bites
106
what is a cimex spp schedule like?
they hide during the day and feed at night
107
T/F
| bot flies are flies
FALSE
they are LARVA :)
108
bot fly of cats and dogs
Cuterebra
109
Cuterebra common name
rabbit / rodent bot fly
110
where does Cuterebra like to live
the neck and nasal cavity
111
If an dog or cat comes in and is "leaking" or has wet fur and a fluid drip what is this?
Cuterebra
DO NOT SQUISH IT AHHHHH
112
what can Cuterebra cause in your dog or cat
allergic reactions - type 1 hypersensitivity
113
what are the two species of hypoderma
H. lineatum
| H. bovis
114
where does hypoderma lineatum like to live
the esophagus
115
where does hypoderma bovis
the spinal cord
116
what is super duper critical about hypoderma in cattle and why?????
TREATMENT TIMING
you treat in the FALL before the larva get to their predilected sites
if you treat in the wrong time:
H. lineatum -- bloat
H. bovis -- Paraplegia and paralysis -- death
117
if treated at the wrong time will cause paraplegia in you cow and make them sad
hypoderma bovis -- because the larva will die and rot away in the spinal cord
118
bot fly of sheep and goats
oestrus ovis
119
common name of oestrus ovis
Sheep nasal bot
120
oestrus ovis locations
nasal cavity and sinuses and brain
121
what does oestrus ovis cause clinically
"snotty nose"
| high mucus secretions and irritated sheep
122
when should you treat for oestrus ovis
Winter and summer (2x a year)
123
boy fly of horses
gasterophilus
124
two species of gasterophilus
gasterophilus intestinalis
| gasterophilus nasalis
125
gasterophilus intestinalis vs gasterophilus nasalis hatching times?
G. intestinalis hatches WHEN LICKED
G. nasalis hatches SPONTANEOUSLY
126
where are the eggs of gasterophilus intestinalis placed
on the forelegs of the horses
127
where are the eggs of gasterophilus nasalis placed
on the mouth of horse
128
gasterophilus species enter what part of the body and then what happens
stomach -- passed in feces -- pupate to adult
129
what species belong to muscidae
musca domestica
musca autumnalis
musca calcitrans
musca irritans
130
muscidae common characteristics
4 longitudinal dark stripes on the thorax
| sanitation and insecticides are important
131
what are muscidae an intermediate host for??
Habronema and Drashia nematode in horses -- causes summer sores
132
also called the face fly
musca autumnalis
133
Two types of muscidae with spongy mouthparts that feed on secretions
```
musca autumnalis (face fly)
musca domestica (house fly)
```
134
location of musca autumnalis on host
near face and eyes
135
can cause keratoconjunctivitis
musca autumnalis -- face fly
136
T/F
| musca autumnalis will always be found outside
TRUE
137
also called the house fly
musca domestica
138
where will you find musca domestica
on the body of host -- can be in or outside
139
also called the stable fly
stomoxys calcitrans
**vector for many diseases
140
muscidae spp with proboscis -- biting is painful and they feed on blood
stomoxys calcitrans
141
how long does it take stomoxys calcitrans to finish a blood meal
3 minutes
142
issue with fly annoyance
can interfere with grazing and therefore lower animal performance
143
"true bugs"
hemiptera -- cimex spp -- bed bugs
144
life cycle of fleas
ELPA
only adult on patient, rest in environment
145
life cycle of lice (phithriptera)
ENNNA all on host
146
life cycle of diptera (flies/mosquitoes)
ELPA
147
what is myiasis
FLY STIKE
larva in flesh
148
list 4 blood sucking flies
1. haematobia irritans
2. tabanus/chrysops spp
3. cullicoides
4. melophagus ovinus
149
also called the Horn Fly
haematobia irritans
150
host of haematobia irritans
Cattle
151
sits around the horns when not feeding
haematobia irritans
152
where does haematobia irritans feed
back, sides, abdomen
153
blood sucking fly with a shorter proboscis and causes a lowered weight gain and milk production in cattle
haematobia irritans
154
also called "biting midges" or "no-see-ums"
cullicoides spp
155
smallest blood sucking muscid
haematobia irritans
156
T/F
| haematobia irritans has an overwintering pupa stage
TRUE
157
pathogenesis of haematobia irritans
feed in thousands -- severe irritation (>200 = economic losses)
158
T/F
| haematobia irritans can transmit cattle helminths
TRUE
159
T/F
| haematobia irritans remain on host unless the female is laying eggs
TRUE
**lays eggs in fresh feces
160
host of cullicoides spp
all domestic animals and humans
161
what do cullicoides spp transmit in horses
Onchocerca cervicalis
162
also called the horse fly
Tabanus spp
163
largest blood sucking fly
Tabanus spp
164
also called the deer fly
chrysops spp
165
between chrysops and tabanus spp which has longer antenna
chrysops -- long antenna
tabanus -- short antenna
166
Tabanus / Chrysops spp mouthparts
slashing and sponging -- PAINFUL BITE
167
bites in shaded areas, animals will stand out in the sun just to avoid them
Chrysops spp
168
Also called sheep ked / tick
Melophagus ovinus -- NOT A TICK actually a FLY
169
type of mouth on Melophagus ovinus
blood sucking
170
describe Melophagus ovinus appearance
wingless and hairy -- may be mistaken as a tick bc no wings but it is a fly
171
T/F
| entire life cycle of Melophagus ovinus is on the host
TRUE
172
when is proliferation of Melophagus ovinus highest
in the autumn and winter (wool is longest)
173
what does Melophagus ovinus cause clinically
```
anemia (blood sucking fly)
wool damage (live in the wool)
```
174
when do Melophagus ovinus adults emerge
3 weeks into the summer
175
T/F
| Melophagus ovinus female produces one egg that hatches inside her body
TRUE
176
site of infestation for Melophagus ovinus
wool
177
host of Melophagus ovinus
SHEEP
178
non-burrowing mites life cycle
ELNA
179
how to diagnose non burrowing mites?
skin scrape or adhesive tape
180
reportable non burrowing mite
Psoroptes ovis
181
common name of chorioptes bovis
Foot Mite
Leg Mite
"itchy heel"
182
hosts of chorioptes bovis
cattle
small ruminants
horses
183
when does chorioptes bovis show the most
LATE winter
184
what is chorioptes bovis
a non burrowing mite
185
where does chorioptes bovis live
legs, feet, tail head, udder
186
Psoroptes ovis host
sheep and cattel
187
Psoroptes ovis common name
sheep scab mite
188
non burrowing mite that causes moist borders of a lesion with a serous exudate
Psoroptes ovis
189
what will Psoroptes ovis cause in sheep
damaged wool
190
also called the Ear Mite
otodectes cynotis
191
host of otodectes cynotis
dogs
cats
human
192
cat is constantly shaking her head and scratching her ears....
otodectes cynotis
193
you swab the kitty ears and see black exudate SOS what is this
otodectes cynotis -- ear mite
194
omg my dogs dandruff is walking????
cheyletiella yasguri
195
what is cheyletiella yasguri
a non burrowing mite
196
host of cheyletiella yasguri
dogs
cats
peoples
197
burrowing mites life cycle
ELNA
198
diagnose a burrowing mite
skin scrape
199
what do typical burrowing mites look like
round
short legs
spines
200
T/F
| sarcoptes scabiei is zoonotic
TRUE
201
what is sarcoptes scabiei
a burrowing mite
202
sarcoptes scabiei common name
sarcoptic mange mite
| itch mite
203
what are the three hosts of sarcoptes scabiei
DOGS
CATTLE
PIGS
204
where does sarcoptes scabiei live on dogs
ears, elbows, thoracic abdomen
205
which host sarcoptes scabiei is reportable
CATTLE
206
where does sarcoptes scabiei live on cattle
neck and tail
207
where does sarcoptes scabiei live on pigs
ears and head
208
how to diagnose sarcoptes scabiei on pigs
ear swabs
209
what does sarcoptes scabiei cause in all hosts
```
erythema
scales
crust
pruritis
dermatitis
alopecia
```
210
notodectes cati host
cats (maybe doggo)
211
notodectes cati is what type of mite
burrowing
212
notodectes cati lives where on the cat
head
213
what are the clinical signs of notodectes cati
```
SIMILAR TO sarcoptes scabiei:
erythema
scales
crust
pruritis
dermatitis
alopecia
```
214
also known as the Scaly leg Mite or the Scaly Face Mite
knemidocoptes spp
215
what type of mite is knemidocoptes spp
burrowing
216
host of knemidocoptes spp
birds
217
what does knemidocoptes spp cause
scales on birds legs, comb, neck and face
218
bird has inflammation and keratinization of its skin from a mite
knemidocoptes spp
219
bird has weird malformed feet and is lame
knemidocoptes spp
220
argasid ticks...
soft ticks
221
T/F
| soft ticks have a scutum
FALSE
222
T/F
| Treat the host to treat soft ticks
FALSE -- TREAT ENVIRONMENT
- otobius megnini
- argas spp
223
otobius megnini is what kind of parasite
a soft tick
224
also known as the spinose ear tick
otobius megnini
225
host of otobius megnini
livestock
humans
dogs
226
where do the adults of otobius megnini live
NOT on the host -- live in environment
treat env
227
T/F
| only the immature stages of otobius megnini feed on the host
true
228
where do the immature stages of otobius megnini live and what pathology do they cause
they live in the ear canals and they cause anemia and diseases
229
also known as the Fowl Tick
argas spp
230
argas spp host
domestic and wild birds
231
T/F
| argas spp can survive in arid conditions
TRUE
232
what do argas spp cause
anemia
weight loss
depression
233
T/F
| adults of argas spp feed on the host
TRUE
but otobius DO NOT
234
soft tick that feeds on host rapidly and then lives in the environment
argas spp
235
a mite that lives entirely in a hair follicle or sebaceous gland
Hair Follicle Mite -- Demodex canis
236
Demodex canis common name
demodectic mange mite
| follicle mite
237
Looks like a cigar with legs
Demodex canis -- hair follicle mite
238
host of Demodex canis
dogs -- YOUNG
239
T/F
| Demodex canis is a normal inhabitant of the dogs skin
TRUE
240
Treatment for Demodex canis
Mitaloan (amitraz)
241
diagnose Demodex canis
skin scrape
242
how is Demodex canis transmitted
From the mother to the puppy
explains why seen in young dogs -- not a lot of surface area/hair follicles
243
you see a pup with a lot of alopecia but no pruritis?
Demodex canis
244
T/F
| Demodex canis causes a lot of itching
FALSE -- no itch
245
Demodex canis can be localized and generalized...which would you treat
generalized
246
What is the name of the mange Demodex canis causes
Red Mange
247
what can happen with Demodex canis that is really hard to cure
concomitant staphylococcus and oozing that is hard to cure
248
two blood sucking mites of birds
Dermanyssus gallinae
ornithonyssus spp
249
Dermanyssus gallinae host
BIRDS
250
common names of Dermanyssus gallinae
Red chicken mite
| Roost mite of birds
251
which blood sucking mite of birds is only on the host at night and hides during the day in the environment
Dermanyssus gallinae
252
how would you treat Dermanyssus gallinae
TREAT ENVIRONMENT
253
common names of ornithonyssus spp
Northern Fowl Mite
| Topical Fowl Mite
254
T/F
| ornithonyssus spp life cycle occurs entirely on the host
TRUE
255
what do Dermanyssus gallinae and ornithonyssus spp cause in the birds
```
itching
behavioral changes
lowered egg production
weight loss
can transmit diseases
```
256
all hard ticks are 3 host ticks except..
Rhiphicephalus Boophilus (1 host tick)
257
also called the deer tick or black legged tick
Ixodes spp
258
host of Ixodes spp
humans
| mammals
259
hard tick that transmits lyme disease
Ixodes spp
--borrelia borgdorferi
260
also called the American Dog Tick or Rocky Mountain Wood Tick
Dermacentor
261
Dermacentor hosts
dogs
humans
large hosts
262
causes rocky mountain spotted fever and cytauxzoon
Dermacentor (hard Tick)
263
shape capituli of Dermacentor
rectangular
264
common name of Amblyomma
gulf coast tick
| LONE STAR tick
265
host of Amblyomma
livestock
| humans
266
hard tick that can cause rickettsial disease
Amblyomma
**can also have painful bites, transmit hepatozoon, and cytauxzoon
267
hard tick that is REPORTABLE
rhiphicephalus boophilus
268
rhiphicephalus boophilus host
cattle
269
rhiphicephalus boophilus has what shape capituli
hexagonal
270
causes Texas Cattle Fever
rhiphicephalus boophilus
**also causes babesia, anaplasma
271
Also called the Brown Dog Tick and the Kennel Tick
rhiphicephalus sangineus
272
rhiphicephalus sangineus host
dogs
| humans
273
T/F
| rhiphicephalus sangineus is adapted for indoor living
TRUE
274
what does rhiphicephalus sangineus causes
babesia and ehrlichia bact infection
275
you find a hard tick it has LONG PALPS and a RECTANGULAR capituli
ixodes
276
you find a hard tick it has SHORT PALPS and a RECTANGULAR capituli
Dermacentor
277
you find a hard tick it has LONG PALPS and an ornate scutum
ambylomma -- lone star
278
you find a hard tick it has SHORT PALPS and a hexagonal capituli
rhiphicephalus
279
hard tick with no ornate scutum and short palps
rhiphicephalus
280
T/F
| Balantidium Coli moves with cilia
TRUE
281
Where does Balantidium Coli go in the body
large intestine
282
T/F
| Balantidium Coli is a protozoa
TRUE duh
283
what are the hosts of Balantidium Coli
pigs
primates
rodents
humans
284
what will Balantidium Coli cause
mild -- severe enteritis and dysentery
| ulcerations in humans
285
what testing will show the cysts of Balantidium Coli
direct smear
286
you see a ciliate with a kidney bean nucleus... what are you looking at??
the TROPHOZOITE stage of Balantidium Coli
287
order: ______ is parasites of epithelial cells
eucoccidiorida
288
Order: _______ is parasites of the blood that use ticks as vectors
piroplasmorida
289
Order: _______ is parasites of the blood that use biting insects as vectors
Haemosporida
290
treatment for Balantidium Coli
tetracycline
291
T/F
| giardia intestinalis has 8 assemblages specific to hosts
TRUe
292
T/F
| giardia intestinalis can be zoonotic
TRUE -- mostly assemblage A or B
293
T/F
| giardia intestinalis mainly infects young animals
FALSE -- animals can be ANY AGE
294
treatment of giardia intestinalis
Metronidazole
295
where does giardia intestinalis live in the body
SMALL INTESTINE
**in the large intestine it becomes a cyst to be discharged
296
Hosts of giardia intestinalis
dogs
cats
cattle
**domestic and wild animals
297
how would you identify giardia intestinalis
either with a trophozoite or a cyst
cysts are more frequently seen
298
what clinical signs does giardia intestinalis cause
diarrhea
malabsorption
dehydration
ulcerations
299
diagnostic test for giardia intestinalis
fecal smear
fecal float with zinc sulfate
ELISA or SNAP
300
T/F
| chickens are the main host of Spironucleus spp.
FALSE
CHICKENS ARE NOT AFFECTED
301
host of Spironucleus spp.
domestic and wild fowl
302
T/F
| Spironucleus spp. has 2 nuclei and is flagellated
TRUE
303
species Spironucleus spp. that affects turkeys
S. meleagridis
304
Spironucleus spp. that affects pigeons
S. columbae
305
where does Spironucleus spp. live in the host
LARGE intestine
306
T/F
| young birds are mostly affected by Spironucleus spp.
TRUE
307
T/F
| When a bird recovers from Spironucleus spp. they could become long term carriers
TRUE -- droppings can contaminate and spread the env
308
T/F
| Spironucleus spp. is zoonotic
FALSE
309
you have a lot of pigeons dropping dead between 3 and 5 weeks of age. You also notice the ones still alive have foamy diarrhea leaking from their asses... what do these nasty birds have
Spironucleus spp.
310
clinical signs of Spironucleus spp.
```
foamy diarrhea
listlessness
INFECTIOUS CATARRHAL ENTERITIS
dehydration
malabsorption
weight loss
```
311
diagnostic tests for Spironucleus spp.
fecal smear
fecal float with zinc sulfate
ELISA or SNAP
312
Tritrichomonas foetus host
CATTLE and CATS
313
you see a pear shaped trophozoite with an undulating membrane and 3 anterior flagella. what dis
Tritrichomonas foetus
314
diagnostic tests for Tritrichomonas foetus
PCR
SMEAR
culture -- hard
315
causes cows to abort in the first trimester
Tritrichomonas foetus
316
T/F
| Tritrichomonas foetus for cattle is a reportable disease
TRUE SOS CALL THE AUTHORITIES MY COW IS HAVING UNPROTECTED SEX
317
how is Tritrichomonas foetus in cattle transmitted
sex
318
where does Tritrichomonas foetus live in cattle
urogenital tract
| prepuce of bull
319
how can you control Tritrichomonas foetus in cattle?
```
AI
test and cull positive bulls
have a closed herd
use young bulls
wait cows
```
320
this is an STD of cattle
Tritrichomonas foetus
321
Tritrichomonas foetus in cats is mainly transmitted what route
fecal - oral
322
where in the cat does Tritrichomonas foetus live
colon
| distal ileum
323
you have an old cat and you decide to buy a kitten. After the kitten came, the old man cat started a lot of gas and diarrhea that won't go away but the kitten is fine. what is going on here?!!?
Tritrichomonas foetus
324
Trichomonas spp hosts
domestic and wild fowl
325
common name of Trichomonas spp in HAWKS
Frounce
326
common name of Trichomonas spp in PIGEONS
CANKER
327
where in your bird will you find Trichomonas spp
nasal cavity and upper GI
328
how do you test for Trichomonas spp
swab the mouth / mucus and fluid
329
what clinical sign is most obvious of Trichomonas spp
small yellowish lesions in the birds mouth / ulcerations
could lead to diarrhea and also death
330
name 3 routes of entry for Trichomonas spp
1. contaminated drinking water
2. pigeon milk
3. infective prey
331
Histomonas spp host
fowl
**young turkeys
332
vector for Histomonas spp
HETERAKIS
333
T/F
| Histomonas spp is pleiomorphic
TRUE
flagellated in the cecum
non flagellated in the liver
334
what is the infective stage of Histomonas spp and where is it
the trophozoites in the eggs of the heterakis gallinarum
birds eat earthworms who ate the eggs (paratenic host)
335
a good way to not have all your turkeys die from Histomonas spp
separate turkeys and chickens
336
what is the name of the disease that Histomonas spp causes
blackhead in turkeys
337
what does blackhead disease pathologically cause
```
discoloration of head
hemorrhagic liver and cecum necrosis
enterohepatitis
yellow depressions on liver
death in young turkeys
```
338
diagnose Histomonas spp
NECROPSY
339
Trypanosoma Cruzi hosts
dogs
cats
humans
340
T/F
| young are more susceptible to Trypanosoma Cruzi
TRUE
341
common name of disease of Trypanosoma Cruzi
chaga's disease
342
diagnose Trypanosoma Cruzi
blood smear
| PCR
343
where does Trypanosoma Cruzi live
blood
| cardiac and smooth muscles
344
what stage of Trypanosoma Cruzi is in the blood stream
elongated trypomastigote with flagella
345
what stage of Trypanosoma Cruzi is in muscles
amastigotes -- NO flagella
346
what is the required vector of Trypanosoma Cruzi
Triatomine "kissing bug"
347
pathogenesis caused by Trypanosoma Cruzi
```
cardiac diseases
lethargy
pale mucus membranes
ascites
hepatomegaly
splenomegaly
```
348
Leishmania spp common names
Visceral: Kala-azar
Cutaneous: Oriental Sore
349
Leishmania spp hosts
dogs and humans
| + many reservoir species
350
what stage of Leishmania spp is in the macrophages of the host
amastgiotes
351
diagnostic testing for Leishmania spp
tissue biopsy
IFA
ELISA
PCR
352
vector of Leishmania spp
sand fly
353
where is the cutaneous form of Leishmania spp
Skin - causes cutaneous presentations and ulcers on lips and eyes
354
visceral Leishmania spp form is where and causes what?
liver, spleen, bone marrow, lymph nodes
causes anemia and fever
355
T/F
| Isospora belongs to the coccidia order
TRUE
356
T/F
| Eimeria spp belongs to the coccidia order
TRUE
357
Isospora canis host s
dogs
**young more susceptible
358
Isospora canis routes of entry
paratenic hosts -- rodents with sporulated oocyst
| per os
359
where does Isospora canis live
small intestine
360
where does Isospora suis live
small intestine
361
what age piglets does Isospora suis infect
1 - 2 weeks old
362
Isospora spp cause what signs
yellow diarrhea
bloody diarrhea
high morbidity / low mortality
363
T/F
| pigs develop immunity to Isospora suis
TRUE
364
how do pigs get Isospora suis
per os
365
DX Isospora
fecal exam -- oocysts
366
Eimeria Leukarti host
horses
367
Eimeria Leukarti location
small intestine
368
what does Eimeria Leukarti cause in horses
it changes the mucosal lining of the small intestine and gives the horse intermittent diarrhea
369
testing for Eimeria Leukarti
do a SUGAR fecal float (bc horses love sugar)
look for a large oval oocyst with a thick dark shell
370
Eimeria in sheep and goats lives wher e
small and large intestine
371
Eimeria in sheep and goats causes what
diarrhea
enteritis
dehydration
372
Eimeria in sheep and goats diagnosis
fecal float
373
two species of Eimeria in cattle
1. E. bovis
| 2. E. zuermii
374
where does Eimeria in cattle live
small and large intestine
375
Eimeria in cattle causes ...
diarrhea (mild to severe)
young animals
376
diagnoses Eimeria in cattle
fecal float -- mcmaster
377
PPP of Eimeria in cattle
15 - 20 days
378
Eimeria in birds .. name the species
E. Tenella
379
E. Tenella is where in birds
the small and large intestine --
MOSTLY THE CECUM
380
what does E. Tenella do to birds
blood clots in the cecum and they will have bloody diarrhea, dehydration, and high mortality
DIE IN LIKE 6 DAYS SO SAD
381
E. Tenella diagnosis
necropsy at cecum -- clotted and bloody :(
382
T/F
| by definition, cats are only a definitive host of toxoplasma gondii ?
FALSE
by definition, also an intermediate host
383
final host of toxoplasma gondii
cats
384
intermediate host of toxoplasma gondii
many including humans, zoonotic
385
how do cats get toxoplasma gondii
the cats eats the infected intermediate host
386
how do we diagnose toxoplasma gondii in a cat
oocytes in fecal exam
387
when will toxoplasma gondii be shed in a cats feces
for 1-2 weeks
388
how long does it take the oocyst to sporulate and become infective?
1-5 days
389
what does toxoplasma gondii do to humans
abortions
390
what does toxoplasma gondii do to sheep and goats
abortions
391
if your goat had an abortion and you notice the placenta cotyledons are bright red with white nodules.... why did the goat abort?
toxoplasma gondii
392
help!! I am a pregnant single woman with a cat. I don't want toxoplasma gondii, what should i do?!!?!?
1. have someone else come change the litter aka DONT do it yourself
2. Change the cat litter every single day so they dont have time to sporulate and become infective (2-5 days)
3. DONT EAT RAW MEAT or let your cat on the counter
393
T/F
| you can get toxoplasma gondii from eating raw meat or contaminated water by the oocysts
true
394
in toxoplasma gondii, what is the stage of life cycle called that is dormant in the intermediate hosts muscles/meat
bradyzoites
395
if the mom gives her baby toxoplasma gondii through the placenta, what is the life cycle stage being passed called
tackyzoites
396
you eat some raw meat of a mouse, but the toxoplasma gondii oocyst did not yet sporulate... will you get sick?
no because the sporulated stage is the infective stage
397
how would you DX toxoplasma gondii in an intermediate host
serological tests - ELISA IFA
398
T/F
| cats develop immunity after being infected and will only shed for about 1-2 weeks entire life
TRUE
399
Sarcocystis definitive host
dogs
cats
humans
400
where does Sarcocystis live in the definitive host
GI tract
401
intermediate host of Sarcocystis
cattle and herbivores
| **can be FATAL
402
where does Sarcocystis live in the intermediate host
muscles
403
What causes abortions in cattle in the 3rd trimester
Sarcocystis
404
direct host of Sarcocystis Neurona
opossum -- no clinical signs
405
aberrant host of Sarcocystis Neurona
HORSES
406
what does Sarcocystis Neurona cause in horses
CNS symptoms
muscle atrophy (EPM)
407
prevention of Sarcocystis Neurona
control wildlife
408
prevention of Sarcocystis
avoid raw meat
| prevent fecal contamination
409
Neospora definitive host
dogs
410
Neospora lives where in the DH
GIT
411
Neospora intermediate host
dogs
cattle
sheep
412
Neospora lives where in the IH
muscle and CNS
**intracellular, cyst in the striated muscles
413
Causes abortions in cattle in the 2nd trimester (4-6mo)
Neospora
414
Cryptosporidium IH
NONE
415
Cryptosporidium DH
many animals -- most importantly dairy cattle and people
416
age range that is mostly affected by Cryptosporidium Parvum
less than 3 weeks old
417
age range affected mostly by Cryptosporidium adersonni
greater than 3 weeks old
418
what does Cryptosporidium cause
DIARRHEA (mild in some cases -- severe in humans)
419
T/F
| there is a treatment for Cryptosporidium
FALSE -- just suffer the butthole leakage and move on
420
T/F
| Cryptosporidium is self-limiting
TRUE
421
protozoa of WBC
hepatozoon
422
host of hepatozoon
DOGS
423
how do dogs get hepatozoon
they eat ticks -- amblyomma or rhiphicephalus
424
what will hepatozoon cause to the dog
a lame dog
severe joint pain, myositis
425
diagnose hepatozoon
tick and fly control
blood smear +/- stain
tissue biopsy
426
T/F
| there is a treatment for hepatozoon
FALSE
427
cytauxzoon felis host
cats
428
how do cats get cytauxzoon felis
amblyomma tick inoculation
429
cytauxzoon felis causes what in cats
```
fever
anemia
icterus
occlusion of blood vessels
death
```
430
cytauxzoon felis is in what type of cell
RED BLOOD CELLS
431
The protozoa that causes Texas Cattle Fever in cattle
Babesia bigemina
432
Babesia bigemina is in what cells
red blood cells
433
Babesia bigemina is inoculated by what
rhiphicephalus boophilus
434
T/F
| Babesia bigemina is reportable
TRUE
435
what will Babesia bigemina cause in cows
in older cattle will cause anemia
436
Babesia canis / gibini host
dogs and humans
437
Babesia canis / gibini in what cells
red blood cells
438
how is Babesia canis / gibini inoculated in the host
by the rhiphicephalus sangineus
439
what will Babesia canis / gibini cause in the host
anemia
anorexia
depression
spleomegaly
440
T/F
| treatment for Babesia canis / gibini exists
FALSE
tick and fly control is SO SO important
441
diagnose Babesia canis / gibini
use a blood smear (stain)
| tissue biopsy
442
the protozoa in the plasma
leukocytozoan
443
leukocytozoan host
birds
444
host is leukocytozoan transmitted
cullicoides spp flies
445
what will leukocytozoan cause in the bird
```
anemia
labored breathing
listlessness
CNS signs
death
```
446
what does leukocytozoan look like in the blood cell
spindle shaped -- tear drops in the cell
447
T/F
| treatment is not available for leukocytozoan
TRUE
tick and fly control is important
448
diagnose leukocytozoan
blood smear
| tissue biopsy
