nematodes Flashcards
1
Q
PPP of hookworms in general
A
short – 3 weeks
2
Q
What is the life cycle of hookworms and what is the infective stage?
A
Direct – L3
3
Q
2 main clinical symptoms of hookworms
A
anemia and diarrhea
4
Q
zoonotic form of hookworms
A
cutaneous larval migrans
5
Q
Most pathogenic hookworm
A
ancylostoma caninum
6
Q
Hookworm that infects only dogs
A
ancylostoma caninum
7
Q
where do hookworms live in the body
A
small intestine
8
Q
most important form of transmission of ancylostoma caninum
A
transmammary – infects the puppies
9
Q
ancylostoma caninum is transmitted by these ways
A
transmammary per os percutaneous transplacental paratenic host
10
Q
T/F
the L3 form of ancylostoma caninum can migrate to the lungs and cause pneumonia
A
TRUE
11
Q
T/F
ancylostoma caninum can do larval leakage in the muscles
A
true
12
Q
species of hookworm that infects only kitties
A
ancylostoma tubaeforme
13
Q
T/F
ancylostoma tubaeforme can be transmitted transmammary route
A
FALSE
14
Q
3 ways ancylostoma tubaeforme is transmitted
A
per os
paratenic host
percutaneous
15
Q
most zoonotic hookworm
A
ancylostoma braziliense
16
Q
ancylostoma braziliense host
A
dogs and cats
17
Q
ancylostoma braziliense and uncinaria stenocephala are both transmitted these ways:
A
per os
percutaneous
paretenic host
18
Q
Species of hookworm that causes interdigital dermatitis
A
uncinaria stenocephala
19
Q
describe a hookworm egg
A
thin shelled and oval
20
Q
For hookworm species:
McMaster or Fecal
A
FECAL
21
Q
Common name for haemonchus spp
A
Barber Pole worm
22
Q
where does haemonchus spp live in the host
A
abomasum
23
Q
Which stage of haemonchus spp does arrested development
A
L4
24
Q
Life cycle and infective stage of haemonchus spp
A
Direct life cycle – L3 is infective
25
T/F
| haemonchus spp has a strongyloid like egg
TRUE
26
For haemonchus spp:
McMAster or Fecal
McMaster
27
#1 killer in sheep and goats
haemonchus contortus
28
Clinical symptoms of haemonchus contortus
bottle jaw
anemia
gastritis
29
what parasite would you use FAMACHA testing for
haemonchus contortus
30
T/F
| haemonchus contortus has a low resistance to anthelmintics
FALSE -- huge resistance issue
31
PPP of haemonchus spp in general
SHORT -- 3 weeks
32
which of haemonchus spp is least pathogenic
H. placei
33
T/F
| haemonchus spp has a PPR where a lot of eggs are shed
TRUE
34
causes lead shot lesions in the lungs
muellerius spp
35
host of muelleris species
goats and sheep
36
common name for the order Metastrongyloidea
lungworms
37
Has an L1 with a kinked tail...
Metastrongyloidea
38
for Metastrongyloidea what diagnostic test would be used?
Baermann for an L1 with a kinked tail
39
general life cycle and infective stage for Metastrongyloidea
Indirect life cycle -- L3 in infective
40
intermediate hosts of Metastrongyloidea
snails, slugs, earthworms
41
where in the host does Metastrongyloidea like to live
the lungs and trachea
42
what symptoms does Metastrongyloidea cause in general
cough and bronchitis and pneumonia
43
The "pig lungworm"
Metastrongylus
*young pigs
44
PPP of Metastrongylus
4 weeks
45
IH of Metastrongylus is most likely what
earthworms
46
T/F
| Metastrongylus eggs have the L1 inside
TRUE
47
The "cat lungworm"
aelurostrongylus abtrusus
48
aelurostrongylus abtrusus PPP
6-12 weeks (older cats )
49
if a middle aged cat has a chronic cough it probably has what parasite?
aelurostrongylus abtrusus
50
Metastrongyloidea that is known as the "meningeal worm"
parelaphostrongylus tenuis
51
parelaphostrongylus tenuis host
white tailed deer
52
causes neurological disease and death in its aberrant hosts
parelaphostrongylus tenuis
53
aberrant hosts of parelaphostrongylus tenuis
horses, sheep, goats, llamas
54
If a llama has a disease what parasite is it that we studied ?
parelaphostrongylus tenuis
55
Metastrongyloidea known as the dog tracheal worm
Filaroides osteri
56
T/F
| Filaroides osteri has an indirect life cycle
FALSE -- direct
57
PPP of Filaroides osteri
up to 6 months
**in breeding facilities, puppies dont show symptoms until older because of the long PPP
58
how is Filaroides osteri transmitted
mom licks pup
59
common name of Dictyocaulus spp
lungworms
60
Dictyocaulus spp life cycle and infective stage
direct -- L3
61
what diagnostic test would you use for Dictyocaulus spp
Baermann -- look for L1 with a STRAIGHT tail
62
T/F
| Dictyocaulus spp L1 stage have a kinked tail
false -- STRAIGHT
63
PPP of Dictyocaulus spp in general
3 weeks to 4 months (USELESS)
64
what can Dictyocaulus spp cause
cough and pneumonia
65
where in the host do Dictyocaulus spp live
bronchi, trachea, lungs
66
host of Dictyocaulus spp -- D. arnfeldi
Donkeys and horses
67
T/F
| D. arnfeldi is pathogenic in donkeys
FALSE -- pathogenic in horses
keep them separated
68
What will happen if you treat Dictyocaulus spp too quickly
post patent parasitic bronchitis -- death
69
host of Dictyocaulus spp -- D. viviparus
cattle
**pathogenic in young and build immunity with age
70
host of Dictyocaulus spp -- D. filaria
sheep and goats
**more pathogenic in goats because they are browsers and get less eggs so they have less immunity than sheep
71
list 4 small intestine nematodes and what is their main host
1. trichostrongylus spp
2. cooperia spp
3. nematodirus battus
4. oesophagostomum spp
**ruminants
ALL have a direct life cycle and infective L3
72
long neck bankrupt worm
nematodirus battus
73
if you see very dehydrated carcasses and thirsty lambs what parasite is it most likely
nematodirus battus
74
"lamb to lamb" disease
nematodirus battus
75
requires a freeze/thaw period for the L3 to emerge from the egg and is mostly seen in the spring
nematodirus battus
76
T/F
| nematodirus battus grows from L1-L3 inside the egg
TRUE
**huge eggs
77
nodular/pimply worm
oesophagostomum spp
78
T/F
| immunity to oesophagostomum spp develops with age
FALSE
no immunity so it gets worse with age and accumulation
79
T/F
| cooperia spp. have a strongyloid like egg
TRUE
80
a ruminant animal went through a very stressful situation and is now having diarrhea... what is a possible parasite?
cooperia spp.
81
Host of Trichostrongylus spp.
Horses and ruminants
82
where Trichostrongylus spp. likes to live in the host
abomasum or small intestine
83
Egg type of Trichostrongylus spp.
strongyloid like
84
T/F
| Trichostrongylus spp. causes diarrhea in heavy infections/stress
TRUE
85
small intestine nematode PPP
short 2-3 weeks
86
oesophagostomum spp PPP
3-8 weeks
87
oesophagostomum spp adults live where
large intestine
88
oesophagostomum spp -- pimples are what and where?
they are encapsulated L4 larva and they are in the small and large intestine
**adults are only in the large intestine though
89
oesophagostomum spp hosts
ruminants and PIGS (poor sow syndrome)
90
clinical symptoms of oesophagostomum spp
green feces, anorexia, diarrhea
91
what two parasites cause poor sow syndrome
oesophagostomum spp
| and hyostrongylus rubidus
92
host of strongyles
HORSES
93
life cycle and infective stage of strongyles
direct
L3 - infective
L4 - migrates
94
How are strongyles transmitted
PER OS ONLY
95
where do strongyles like to live in the host
large intestine
96
PPP of strongyles
LONG
97
egg of strongyles
strongyle like
small oval thin
**can do arrested development
98
most pathogenic larval large strongyle and why
strongylus vulgaris -- due to migration in the cranial mesenteric artery
99
least pathogenic adult large strongyle and why
strongylus vulgaris -- causes anemia
100
PPP of strongylus vulgaris
6 months
101
most pathogenic adult large strongyles
strongylus equines and strongylus edentatus
102
least pathogenic larval large strongyles
strongylus equines and strongylus edentatus
103
PPP of strongylus edentatus
11 months
104
PPP of strongylus equines
9 months
105
small strongyles are also called
cyathostomins
106
PPP of cyathostomins
6wk-4mo
107
cyathostomins hosts
horses -- small strongyles
108
T/F
| cyathostomins resistance is an issue
true
109
T/F
| cyathostomins go through synchronized emergence
TRUE
**causes diarrhea, wt. loss, catarrhal colitis, intussusception
110
zoonotic forms of roundworms/ascarids
visceral or ocular larval migrans
111
life cycle of roundworms in general
DIRECT
| infective L2 - L3 WITHIN THE EGG
112
how long does it take the egg to become infective of roundworms
2-4 weeks
PICK UP FRESH POOP TO PREVENT
113
what parasite can cause hematic tracheal migrations
roundworms/ascarid
114
Dog roundworm
toxocara canis
115
PPP of toxocara canis
3-5 weeks
116
paratenic host for toxocara canis
rodents
117
paratenic host for toxocara cati
rodents
118
T/F
| toxocara canis and toxocara cati are both zoonotic
TRUE
119
what are general symptoms that roundworms/ascarids cause
potbelly, obstruction, vomit, diarrhea
120
ways that all roundworms are transmitted
per os, transmammary, paratenic hosts
121
which form of transmission is most important in toxocara canis
transplacental -- puppies have
122
What form of transmission does not happen for toxocara cati
transplacental
123
PPP of toxocara leonina
11 weeks
124
host of toxocara leonina
dogs and cats
125
paratenic host for toxocara leonina
ANYTHING
126
type of roundworm with a paler colored egg
toxocara leonina
127
T/F
| toxocara leonina causes a cough and HTM
FALSE
does not do either
128
equine roundworm/ascarid
parascaris equonum
129
parascaris equonum host
horses
130
parascaris equonum PPP
10-12 weeks
131
how is parascaris equonum transmitted
ONLY PER OS
132
host of ascaris suum
pigs
133
ascaris suum PPP
6-8 weeks
134
T/F
| ascaris suum is zoonotic
TRUE
135
T/F
| parascaris equonum is zoonotic
FALSE
136
type of egg that ascaris suum has
mammilated egg
137
paratenic host for ascaris suum
earthworms and beetles
138
unique clinical sign caused by ascaris suum
milk spots on the liver
139
Baylisascaris procyoris host
raccoons
140
T/F
| Baylisascaris procyoris is zoonotic
TRUE -- very zoonotic -- larval migrans
141
an ascarid/roundworm that passes from raccoons to dogs
Baylisascaris procyoris
142
life cycle of ostertagia ostertagi
Direct life cycle
infective L3
arrested L4
143
What kind of lesions are caused by ostertagia ostertagi
moroccan leather in the stomach
144
PPP of ostertagia ostertagi
3 weeks **think calves and yearlings
145
Host of ostertagia ostertagi
CATTLE !!!!
146
how are stomach nematodes transmitted in general?
PER OS
147
adults worms are a reddish color and they are about 1cm
STOMACH NEMATODES
1. ostertagia ostertagi
2. teladorsagia circumcinta
3. hyostrongylus rubidus
148
Is type 1 or type 2 ostertagiosis worse
TYPE 2 -- winter
149
what is type 1 ostertagiosis, when does it occur
Calves are born in the spring and have their first grazing season in the summer and fall. Since it is warm out already, there is slow emergence of the parasite and mild clinical signs occur
150
what is type 2 ostertagiosis, when does it occur, and when should you treat?
The L4 stage arrests for the winter. In the spring, there is SYNCHRONIZED EMERGENCE and the calves are yearlings. HIGH MORTALITY
**TREAT before winter/L4 arresting so they wont all come out onto the pasture :) the Tx kills L4 Stage
151
T/F
| teladorsagia circumcinta larva can survive in the environment
FALSE
152
Host of teladorsagia circumcinta
sheep and goats
*stomach nematode
153
host of Hyostrongylus Rubidus
PIGS
**stomach nematode
154
signs of Hyostrongylus rubidus
a pig with anemia and weight loss
part of poor sow syndrome
155
signs of teladorsagia circumcinta
sheep and goats with intermittent diarrhea and weight loss
156
T/F
| teladorsagia circumcinta has a PPR
TRUE
high eggs shed at parturition
157
Stomach nematodes egg in general
strongyloid like
158
signs of ostertagia ostertagi
CATTLE:
| diarrhea, weight loss, BOTTLE JAW
159
what is also called Brown stomach worm?
ostertagia ostertagi
160
T/F
| FAMACHA is a diagnostic tool
FALSE
161
T/F
| FAMACHA can be used with haemonchus placei
FALSE
only H. contortus
162
Treatment method that kills the susceptible and leads to more resistance
strategic treatment
163
treatment method anticipated to large numbers of eggs
tactical treatment
164
treatment method where you treat as needed and leads to slower resistance
selective treatment
165
what is the equation used for egg count/treatment effectivity
[(eggs pre Tx - eggs Post Tx) / eggs pre Tx] x100%
166
when is sedimentation test used?
Large sized eggs
167
host of syngamus trachea
birds -- domestic and wild fowl
168
common name of syngamus trachea
Gapeworm
169
where do syngamus trachea like to live in the host
trachea and lungs
170
describe the egg of syngamus trachea
has polar plugs on both ends -- operculum
171
adult worms of what parasite live in constant copulation "Y" shape
syngamus trachea
172
what is the paratenic host for syngamus trachea
Earthworms -- because birds eat worms
173
presence of a parasite
-iasis
174
-osis
disease caused by a parasite
175
diagnostic test for syngamus trachea (gapeworm)
FECAL FLOAT
**You don't want to swab down the throat because the sad little bird already can't breathe and you might kill it
176
a bird has asphyxia what parasite does it have
syngamus trachea
177
what are 4 characteristics of nematodes
1. alimentary canal
2. separate sexes
3. free living of parasitic
4. cylindrical
178
T/F
| eggs are distributed evenly in the feces
FALSE lol
179
gold standard diagnostic test?
necropsy -- but you cant kill someones pet
180
what two factors make finding the parasite crucial
1. highly zoonotic
| 2. deadly
181
you have a patient with a rare and deadly parasite. You see millions of microfilaria in the blood. What diagnostic test should be done????
BLOOD SMEAR --
because it is rare PCR and Eliza test records wont exist for it
deadly means you need a quick and probably cheap diagnosis
182
T/F
| ascaris suum eggs can last in the environment for 10 years
TRUE
183
what parasite can cause transient pneumonia in pigs that are less than 4 months old
ascaris suum
184
predilection site definition
preferred site in or on the host by the parasite
185
endoparasites infect the host internally
infection
186
infestation
ectoparasites attach to or occupy the host
187
site in or on a host that is not a normal location for the parasite
aberrant site
188
arrowhead shaped parasite
toxocara cati
189
how many pairs of teeth does ancylostoma caninum have
3 pairs
190
Puppies that die at 2 days of age because of large
numbers of larval nematodes migrating and molting
in their lungs are most likely infected with which
parasite?
toxocara canis
