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Book 29 > Building Construction (ch.2) > Flashcards

Building Construction (ch.2) Flashcards

1
Q

A working knowledge of building construction not only provides the necessary expertise to conduct a quick and accurate size-up of a structure, it also provides the foundation for effective, timely, and safe operations in the following areas: x3

A
  1. Structural integrity
  2. Ladder placement
  3. Forcible entry / Search and rescue
  4. Ventilation feasibility
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2
Q

Ladders should be placed to the______ of the building.

A

Strong area

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3
Q

A size up consists of three operations;

A
  1. Analyze the situation
  2. Decide a plan (strategy)
  3. Put the plan into operation (tactics)
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4
Q

Type and construction of building will indicate;
X5

A
  1. Rate of burning
  2. Possible avenues of fire spread
  3. Problems that will have a direct impact to confine fire
  4. Structural integrity
  5. Time necessary to conduct safe foreground operations
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5
Q

4 construction methods

A
  1. Metal concrete
  2. Masonry
  3. Frame/stucco
  4. Curtain
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6
Q

_____ utilizes structural members that depend on size for strength

A

Conventional construction

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7
Q

Lightweight truss construction does not derive strength from size. Strength is obtained from multiple members that are in ____ and ____

A

Compression and tension

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8
Q

A single lightweight structural member can span ____ and may be compromised of ___x____

A

70 ft ; 2x4’s

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9
Q

In a truss gable roof the rafters are ___ of the truss. The ceiling joists are ___ of the truss

A

Top chord; bottom chord

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10
Q

___ x___ and ___x___ are the standard for lightweight construction.

A

2x3’s and 2x4’s

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11
Q

Conventional construction will utilize a minimum of x

A

2x4s

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12
Q

The ability to accurately estimate the amount of time that a structure can be considered structurally strong is dependent on what factors. X3

A
  1. Type of construction
  2. How long the fire has been burning
  3. Fire intensity
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13
Q

Roof styles x6

A
  1. Gable
  2. Hip
  3. Flat
  4. Bridge
  5. Arch
  6. Saw tooth
  • gambrel
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14
Q

Gable roof, A frame configuration of conventional or ordinary construction that consists of a ridge board and rafters that cross the outside walls; rafters are usually ___X___ in or larger and are usually ___ in to ___ in on center

*spaced up to ___ in for steep pitched roofs

A

2x6” ; 16” to 24”

36”

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15
Q

Metal gusset plate connectors may vary in size, thickness, and depth of penetration. The most common are ______ steel plates with prongs that produce _____inch penetration.

A

18 gauge, 3/8”

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16
Q

Eighteen-gauge “roof truss clips” may be found nailed to the bottom chord (every ____ to ____ trusses) and top plate of interior walls.

A

3 to 5 trusses

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17
Q

Common on center spacing for truss rafters is

A

24in

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18
Q

Conventional construction utilizes ridge boards and rafter of ____X____ or larger

A

1x6”

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19
Q

When metal connector plates and surrounding wood are exposed to fire, the connector plates will quickly fail by _____

A

Pulling out of the wood

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20
Q

Newer roofs use ____ or ____ in plywood as decking instead of 1x4 or 1x6 in space sheathing

A

3/8 or 1/2”

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21
Q

___ rafters are utilized where two rooflines join together

A

Valley rafters

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22
Q

Bridge truss roof; constructed during 1930’s and 1940’s. Wooden truss members are built from ____X___ in lumber

A

2x12”

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23
Q

Bridge truss roof; rafters are ____ in and covered by ____ in sheathing.

Straight sheathing used ____
Diagonal sheathing used _____

A

2x6 rafters ; 1x6 sheathing

Straight = pre 33
Diagonal = post 33

  • expect plywood for earthquake ordinance
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24
Q

Bowstring arch truss; _____ or ___ lumber comprises the arch truss and related members.

A

2x12 or 2x14” lumber

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25
An egg crate , geometric or diamond patterned roof:
Lamella arch roof
26
Lamella arch constructed from ____ in wood framing with steel plates and bolts at junctions of framing
2x12in
27
Lamella arch roof; this type of arch is supported by _______ or _____
Exterior buttresses or internal tie rods with turn buckles
28
Although these roofs offer some protection when exposed to fire, total roof collapse may occur if fire removes more than ____% of the roof structure. Total roof collapse of the roof can result from "the domino effect."
20%
29
An arch roof that uses metal tie rods to offer support for the walls of the building
Tied truss arch roof
30
Tie rods usually ___ in in diameter to ensure arches do not push exterior walls outward
5/8 in
31
Tied truss arch; rafters are ___X___ or larger
2x10”
32
Sawtooth roof; rafters are ____ in or larger. Sloping portion is covered with _____ sheathing or ____ plywood
2x8in 1x6in sheathing or 1/2” plywood
33
Wooden I beam; the stem is joined to the top and bottom chords by a continuous glued edge joint. And may be constructed from ____ in plywood or chip board of the same thickness
3/8
34
Wooden I beam; nail8ng blocks are placed perpendicular to the top chords and are spaced ___ ft apart
4ft
35
Open web; the steel tube web members are prefabricated from ___ to ___ in cold rolled steel tubing with the ends pressed flat
One to two in
36
Open web ;Spans to ___ ft are possible
70ft
37
Metal gusset plate roof; utilization of 2x4s in a span of up to___ ft decking is usually _____ in plywood. Dwellings will use ____ in or ___ in
1/2in 3/8 or 1/2
38
Panelized roof; may be found on ____, ____, or ____ buildings
Wood masonry, or concrete tilt slab
39
4 main components of panelized roof and sizes
Beams 6x36 Purlins 4x12 Joists 2x4 Plywood 1/2”
40
Panelized roof; Beams are supported at their ends by ____,____or ____, or ____
Pilasters, wood or steal posts, or saddles
41
Panelized roof; Beams are spaced ___ to ___ ft apart
12 to 40 ft
42
Beams may be bolted together to provide lengths well in excess of ____ ft
100ft
43
Panelized roof; Beam span supports of _____ in hollow steel pipe
4in
44
Open web bar joists; Top and bottom chords are usually made from ____ in steel and web supports are solid ____ in steel bar
1/8” chords; 5/8 in web
45
Open web bar joist; large build8ngs may have bar joists used as girders spaced up to ___ ft. Joists are spaced ___ ft apart to accept corrugated metal decking
45 ft; 8ft
46
Steel begins to lose its strength at _____
1000 degrees
47
Light weight concrete; A steel or wood sub structure is covered by corrugated metal ( Robertson decking). An air entrained mixture of sand, cement, and occasionally pea gravel is pumped on top of the corrugated metal decking and ______ in or _____ in wire mesh to a thickness of ___ to ___ in
4x4 in or 6x6in wire mesh; 3 to 4 in thick
48
In concrete roofs use ____ or ____ blade to cut ventilation openings
Diamond or carbide tip blade
49
When exposed to sufficient heat metal beams can expand ___in per ____ ft
9inches per 100’
50
Tilt up buildings can be up to ___ stories in height
5
51
Masonry buildings constructed up until 1930’s; X7 indicators or URM * brick exterior walls about ____ inches thick
1.concrete cap 2. Rafter tie plates 3. Bond Beam cap 4. Lintel 5. Inset windows 6. Shelf 7. Kings row 13in walls
52
URM pre 33; Parapet walls can be ____ ft above the roof line and ___ ft or more if used as facade on front of building
3ft; 5 ft + facade
53
Long Beach earthquake of ____
1933
54
Long Beach earthquake revisions X5 (walls and sheathing)
1. exterior walls at least 9 in thick 2. Masonry walls reinforced with “rebar” 3.all joists/rafters required to be anchored to exterior wall( ledger board rafters hung by hangers) 4. Cement mortar instead of sand and lime mortar 5.diagonal roof sheathing.
55
Tehachapi earthquake of ______
1959
56
Tehachapi earth quake retro ; x3
1. A 4 to 6 in concrete bond beam cap on top of lowered parapet walls along public ways and exits 2 parapet walls should not be higher than 16 inches including bond beam cap 3. Exterior walls drilled at roof level and a steel anchor bar/rod installed ever 4 feet (rafter tie plates).
57
1959 ordinance Parapet walls no higher than_____
16in
58
1959 ordinance; Size of concrete bond beam cap
4 to 6 in
59
The soul are earthquake of _____
1971
60
The Selma earthquake ordinance designed to prevent exterior walls from collapsing outward by stabilizing the building by: x2
1. Anchor walls to floor and roof ( tie plates to floor joists/ diagonal bracing) 2. Strengthening roof construction (plywood, metal straps)
61
A bond beam cap of concrete on top of parapet walls. Concrete bond beams may also been added for strength ________ and between _____
Over windows and between second floors of multi story buildings
62
URM; In every ___ to ___ row of bricks, one row will be laid on end
Fourth to seventh
63
Additional URM modifications may include; Metal straps across the width of the roof and attach to opposing walls. The straps are usually ____ of the length of the building back from the front and rear walls
1/3
64
Additional URM modifications may include; remove layers of composition and cover the sheathing with ____ plywood
1/2 plywood
65
Exterior walls may suddenly collapse outward a distance that is _______ the height of the wall
Equal to at least
66
URM modifications; Metal straps may be found ___ to ___ ft from walls
3 to 4
67
Vertical spread of fire through the walls is a possibility . However this is controlled by horizontal ______
Fire blocking
68
The following 4 areas should be considered when confronted by facade construction
1. Overhang 2. Facade height 3. Supported or unsupported 4. Height from roof
69
If a facade is exposed to fire , expect the facade to collapse outward at least_____
The distance of overhang
70
These buildings were constructed during the 1920's, 1930's and 1940's, and are primarily utilized in single family dwellings and multi-story habitational occupancies up to _____stories.
4
71
A pair of wires suspended by ____ insulators and pass through ____ tubes.
Ceramic
72
Curtain construction; depending on the particular method that is employed, curtain construction can be ____ % faster than conventional construction
60%

Book 29 (9 decks)

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