BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION SYSTEMS (BDCS) Flashcards
1
Q
Two sheets of glass with an air space between, to insulate against the passage of heat or sound. Also called double glazing.
A
insulating glass
2
Q
Soil that is easily crumbled or reduced to powder.
A
friable
3
Q
The hard fibrous substance lying beneath the pith and bark of trees.
A
wood
4
Q
A groove cut into a member to receive another member.
A
rabbet
5
Q
The work of installing glass in a frame.
A
glazing
6
Q
The interior trough formed by the intersection of two sloping roof surfaces.
A
valley
7
Q
A substance that inhibits the development and action of fungi, borers, and insects that deteriorate wood
A
preservative
8
Q
Material used to prevent the passage of liquid across a joint or opening.
A
sealant
9
Q
American Society for Testing and Methods.
A
ASTM
10
Q
Steel having a carbon content over 0.5 percent. In general, increased carbon content increases strength and hardness, but decreases ductility.
A
high-carbon steel
11
Q
Removing and/or adding earth in order to bring the ground surface to a specified elevation or profile. Also called earthwork.
A
grading
12
Q
Glass which has four or more layers of glass laminated to three or more layers of plastic, used where strong impacts may occur.
A
bulletproof glass
13
Q
The upright or vertical edge of a door or window.
A
stile
14
Q
A roofing material applied in several layers to create a built-up composition roof.
A
asphalt saturated felt
15
Q
A door that moves horizontally, either on a track in the floor or from rollers at the head.
A
sliding door
16
Q
Roofing made up of plies of saturated roofing felts alternated with layers of pitch or hot asphalt cement and surfaced with gravel or a cap sheet.
A
built-up roofing
17
Q
A permanently plastic waterproof adhesive material used in sealing joints.
A
mastic
18
Q
A small hole near the bottom of a retaining wall, usually backfilled with gravel, to allow water to drain to the outside of the wall and thus avoid hydrostatic pressure against the wall.
A
weep hole
19
Q
The driving device of a hydraulic elevator, which is powered by liquid under pressure within a cylinder. Also referred to as a ram.
A
plunger
20
Q
The most widely used system for classifying soils. In this system, the soils are primarily classed as coarse-grained (gravels and sands), fine-grained (silts and clays), and highly organic.
A
Unified Soil Classification System
21
Q
An elevator operated by fluid pressure from below, which raises or lowers the elevator car.
A
hydraulic elevator
22
Q
The lower horizontal member, extending between jambs, which forms the bottom of a window or other frame.
A
sill
23
Q
Earth that is removed (cut) and earth that is added (fill) in grading.
A
cut and fill
24
Q
A vertical support for a handrail
A
baluster
25
The ease with which a metal can be shaped by hammering or by machine.
malleability
26
A rounded exposed edge, such as a tile or wood trim piece.
bullnose
27
A ratio used to determine the bearing capacity of a soil, based on a standard test.
California bearing ratio (CBR)
28
The heart center of a log.
pith
29
A joint formed when a concrete surface hardens before the next batch of concrete is placed against it.
cold joint
30
A vertical shaft that accommodates one or more elevators, conveyors, or dumbwaiters.
hoistway
31
The application of plaster to the back of masonry walls.
parging
32
The joint between two successive concrete pours. Construction joints are usually located where the shear is minimum, such as at a midspan of beams.
construction joint
33
Lumber that has not been seasoned and whose moisture content is close to that of the living tree.
green
34
A metal's resistance to abrasion and penetration.
hardness
35
Stripping applied to exterior doors or windows to make them weathertight.
weather stripping
36
The thermal conductivity of a material.
K-value
37
The grade of brick used where high resistance to freezing and thawing is required.
grade SW (severe weather)
38
A test to determine the compressive strength of concrete by subjecting a standard cylinder of hardened concrete to compression in a testing machine.
cylinder test
39
A wall built of two or more wythes of masonry units with a continuous air space within the wall. The wythes must be tied together with noncorrosive metal ties.
cavity wall
40
A sprinkler system whose pipes are normally pressurized with only air, thus being invulnerable to freezing temperatures. Upon actuation, the air is vented and supply pressure forces water through the system.
dry pipe sprinkler
41
The deteriorating reaction between dissimilar metals that are in contact in the presence of moisture. Also called electrolysis.
galvanic action
42
A door that has a core of solid wood or other solid material.
solid core door
43
Laminated glass, consisting of a thin sheet of transparent plastic laminated between two layers of clear glass. Also referred to as shatterproof glass.
safety glass
44
The wood of various coniferous (cone-bearing) evergreen trees, such as cedars, pines, and firs.
softwood
45
A cellular framework that is filled with rock or soil to retain an earth embankment.
cribbing
46
Synthetic resins applied in liquid form, producing a durable, seamless floor surface.
elastomeric flooring
47
Removing and/or adding earth in order to bring the ground surface to a specified elevation or profile. Also called grading.
earthwork
48
A natural material, formed of decomposed and disintegrated parent rock, that can support plant life.
soil
49
The unit of permeability for a given material, expressing the resistance of the material to the penetration of moisture. One perm is equal to the flow of one grain of water vapor through one square foot of surface area per hour with a pressure difference of one inch of mercury.
perm
50
The digging or removal of earth.
excavation
51
A single-number rating for the evaluation of a particular cross-section in terms of its transmission of airborne sound. The higher the STC rating, the more effective the construction is at stopping airborne sound.
sound transmission class (STC)
52
The load-carrying unit of an elevator, including its platform, frame, enclosure, and door. Also referred to as an elevator car.
elevator cab
53
The designation of the quality of a manufactured piece of wood.
grade
54
Round steel bars with surface deformations that are placed in the forms prior to casting of concrete, and that primarily resist tension.
reinforcing steel
55
A door that slides upward, rolls up, folds up in panels, or rides up and pivots inward.
overhead door
56
Steel coated with lead and tin, used for roofing and flashing.
terne plate
57
A continuously moving, power-driven mechanical device that transports passengers along an incline from one floor to another. Also referred to as an escalator.
moving stairway
58
An alloy of copper and tin.
bronze
59
Masonry finish material which is attached, but not structurally bonded, to the backing. Also, a thin layer or sheet of wood produced by slicing or rotary cutting.
veneer
60
The level below which the subsoil is completely saturated with water. Also called the groundwater level.
water table
61
The ratio of water to cement in a concrete mix, the main factor that determines concrete strength.
water-cement ratio
62
Ordinary window glass that has been cooled slowly to avoid locked-in thermal stresses.
annealed glass
63
An overhead source of natural light, generally installed on a roof.
skylight
64
The chemically inert element of concrete, usually consisting of sand, gravel, and/or other granular material.
aggregate
65
Clear, flat sheet glass that is most commonly used for glazing.
window glass
66
A device located at the bottom of an elevator hoistway, used to stop a cab's overtravel at low speed, not to stop a free-falling cab. Also referred to as buffer.
car bumpers
67
The moisture content at which a soil starts to change from a semisolid to a plastic state.
plastic limit
68
Fill that has been densified by the application of pressure, usually by mechanical equipment, in order to increase its strength and stability and reduce its settlement. Properly compacted fill is often suitable for the support of building footings.
compacted fill
69
An arrangement of the elements of a masonry wall to provide strength by lapping the units. Also refers to the pattern formed by the exposed faces of the units.
bond
70
Granular material, ranging from about 3/8 inch to 1/200 inch.
sand
71
Tinted glass that absorbs a high percentage of solar radiation. Also referred to actinic glass.
heat-absorbing glass
72
A vertical member between windows or doors.
mullion
73
The horizontal mortar joint in masonry work.
bed joint
74
A material used to prevent or reduce sound transmission or heat flow.
insulation
75
A fine-grained cohesive soil that undergoes large volume changes with changes in moisture content.
expansive soil
76
The incorporation of tiny air bubbles into concrete to improve its workability and resistance to frost.
air entrainment
77
A hollow concrete masonry unit.
concrete block
78
Sheet steel in a corrugated, ribbed, or cellular form and used for structural load-carrying purposes in floor or roof construction.
metal decking
79
A large-toothed roller used for the compaction of soil.
sheepsfoot roller
80
A horizontal member supporting joists
ledger
81
An alloy of iron and carbon, with a carbon content between 0.1 and 1.7 percent (more than that of wrought iron and less than that of cast iron).
steel
82
The maximum depth of frost penetration in the ground expected in a given area.
frost line
83
Reference points offset a given distance from the building line and set prior to excavation.
batter boards
84
An alloy of copper, zinc, lead, and tin used for moldings and forgings.
architectural bronze
85
A complete fastening system including lock, knob, escutcheon, and so on.
lockset
86
Brick, block, tile, stone, or similar materials bonded together with mortar.
masonry
87
A member beneath a door, to cover the floor joint or provide weather protection. Also called a saddle.
threshold
88
A solid core used in driving a shell pile into the ground. When the driving is complete, it is removed and the shell is filled with concrete.
mandrel
89
A door having hardware that permits it to swing in either direction from the plane of its frame.
double-acting door
90
Timber decay due to fungus, in which pockets of dry powder develop.
dry rot
91
A device used to support reinforcing bars during the placing of concrete.
bar chair
92
Sheet metal or wire fabric into which a base coat of plaster is keyed.
metal lath
93
Lengthwise separation of wood extending from one face through to the opposite face.
split
94
The second coat of plaster, in three-coat plastering, which is applied over the scratch coat and beneath the finish coat. The large proportion of sand in this mixture gives the coat its name.
brown coat
95
Bark or lack of wood on the edge or corner of a piece of wood.
wane
96
Soil with a high organic content (decomposed vegetable or animal matter). Organic soils are usually very compressible and have very low bearing capacities.
organic soil
97
A door frame of wood or metal to which the finished frame is attached.
buck
98
The science of sound and sound control.
acoustics
99
A lock installed in a rectangular opening cut in the door, rather than on the door's surface.
mortise lock
100
A door-latching assembly that will open the door if subjected to pressure.
panic hardware
101
A fine-grained, cohesive, inorganic soil.
clay
102
A prefabricated strip of molded or extruded material used in a dry glazing process. Also referred to as a glazing gasket.
compression zipper gasket
103
A step in a spiral stairway that is wedge-shaped, with its tread wider at one end than the other.
winder
104
A synthetic resin having excellent adhesive properties.
epoxy
105
Describing a system composed of standardized units or sections used for simplified construction or flexibility.
-modular
106
A vertical pipe used to conduct roof water to the ground. Also called a downspout.
leader
107
A synthetic resin used as a vehicle for paint.
alkyd
108
The exposed underside of an architectural element, such as a beam or arch.
soffit
109
An alloy of copper and zinc that is corrosion resistant and very workable.
brass
110
The moisture content (about 30 percent) above which there is no shrinkage or swelling of wood with variation in moisture content.
fiber saturation point
111
The persistence of sound in an enclosed space after the source has stopped.
reverberation
112
Sheet steel that has been formed using heavy rollers at room temperature, to improve its surface finish, hardness, and strength.
cold-rolled steel
113
A flashing saddle used on a sloping roof to divert water around a chimney.
cricket
114
A continuously-moving, power-driven device that transports passengers up an inclined plane
horizontally (moving sidewalk). Moving ramps have
continuous tread, rather than the individual steps of an escalator.
movIng ramp
115
The finely ground material used as the binder for structural concrete.
portland cement
116
A door lock having the locking mechanism within a cylinder.
cylinder lock
117
A high slump concrete, consisting of Portland cement, sand, hydrated lime, water, and sometimes pea gravel.
grout
118
A metal's ability to withstand shock or impact.
toughness
119
The systematic review of a project design to obtain
| the best value for the money spent, considering first costs, operating costs, and replacement costs.
value engineering
120
A short, vertical member within a window frame, either vertical or horizontal.
muntin
121
An assembly of sloping, overlapping slats, fixed or adjustable, which excludes rain but admits air and/ or light.
louver
122
Bricks with dimensions such that one or more brick courses plus the mortar joints produce courses with an exact dimension, which is usually a multiple of four inches.
modular bricks
123
A log showing the types of soil encountered in a test boring and other relevant information.
soil boring log
124
A locking device which is rectangular in a cross section and projected manually.
dead bolt
125
A wall consisting of small, closely spaced members usually sheathed on both faces with a wall material.
stud wall
126
The appearance grade used for glued laminated members where appearance is an important requirement.
architectural appearance grade
127
Lumber with rings 0 degrees to 45 degrees with the wide face. Also called flat-grained Lumber.
slash-grained lumber
128
A prepared substance added to concrete to alter or achieve certain characteristics.
admixture
129
Flooring material made from small chips of marble set in cement and polished.
terrazzo
130
A piece of glass used to glaze a division of a window or door.
pane
131
A pane of glass, a window, or any subdivision of a window.
light
132
A gypsum plaster mixture containing lime, which is used on interior concrete surfaces.
bonding plaster
133
The trim applied to the inside face of a door or window frame against which the door or window closes.
stop
134
An individual vertical tier of masonry in a cavity wall. Also called a wythe.
tier
135
A base for plaster consisting of a gypsum core sandwiched between two sheets of heavy, porous paper.
gypsum lath
136
An exposed aggregate concrete finish obtained by roughening the surface with a power-operated bush hammer, which has a serrated face.
bush-hammered finish
137
A substance, such as calcium chloride, added to a concrete mix to speed up its setting and strength development.
accelerator
138
The blasting of concrete with sand or another abrasive material to dull the formed surface, make the color uniform, or expose the aggregate.
sandblasting
139
A test for mixed concrete to determine consistency and workability.
slump test
140
A corridor that is closed at one end, usually limited to 20 feet in length.
dead-end corridor
141
The projection of a tread beyond the riser below.
nosing
142
An impervious material used to prevent water
| penetration at joints formed by different materials or surfaces.
flashing
143
A large timber from which veneers are cut.
flitch
144
A material having the qualities of rubber.
elastomer
145
Lumber of all sizes and patterns intended for general building purposes.
yard lumber
146
A roof structure comprising a series of parallel arches, skewed to the axes of the building, which are intersected by another series of skewed arches, so that they interact with each other.
lamella
147
A groove in a concrete structure made to predetermine the location of cracks.
control joint
148
A round threaded metal device with a bell-shaped end that is used to anchor stone.
Lewis bolt
149
A unit of measure for lumber equal to the volume of a board 12 inches x 12 inches x 1 inch.
board foot
150
A logarithmic measure of sound intensity, expressing the ratio between a given sound being measured and a reference level. The reference level generally corresponds to the faintest audible sound.
decibel (dB)
151
A continuous horizontal layer of masonry work.
course
152
A method of producing a metal product by pouring
| molten metal into a mold of the desired shape
casting
153
either of the vertical members forming the sides of a door or window opening.
jamb
154
The pressure exerted by liquid against every surface it contacts.
hydrostatic pressure
155
The ratio of unit strain to temperature change, which is constant for a given material.
coefficient of thermal expansion
156
An elevator operated by traction, in which steel cables with counterweights raise or lower the elevator car.
electric elevator
157
The wavy distortions of glass or metal panels, often seen in curtain wall construction.
oil canning
158
A short beam passed through a wall to provide temporary support.
needle beam
159
A simple structural system consisting of beams simply supported on posts.
post-and-beam system
160
A solid or hollow unit of translucent glass used for non-load-bearing walls.
glass block
161
A material characterized by opaqueness, hardness, the ability to conduct heat and electricity, and an distinctive luster when untarnished.
metal
162
Glass that has greater resistance to impact, thermal stresses, and wind than annealed glass, but less
than that of tempered glass.
heat-strengthened
| glass
163
Ceramic tile which has been made completely resistant to penetration by water as a result of vitrification.
impervious tile
164
A manmade deposit of soil
fill
165
A thin impervious layer of material that prevents water penetration, as in a built-up roof or wall below grade.
membrane
166
The load-carrying unit of an elevator, including its platform, frame, enclosure, and door. Also referred to as an elevator cab.
elevator car
167
An opening between growth rings containing pitch or resin.
pitch pocket
168
A knurled or roughened finish applied to operating hardware on doors leading to areas that might be hazardous to visually impaired persons
tactile finish
169
A sprinkler system that is continuously pressurized with water. If a fusible sprinkler opens, water is immediately forced through the sprinkler head.
wet pipe sprinkler
170
A reinforced concrete wall that is precast at the job site, usually in a flat position, and later tilted up and set into place.
tilt-up wall
171
A fabricated metal strip applied at the edge of a plastered surface to provide a stop, protection of the edge, or a separation between two dissimilar materials.
casing bead
172
Impervious to water or water vapor, even under pressure.
waterproof
173
A natural or manufacturing imperfection in wood that may affect its strength, appearance, use, or grading. Included are knot, pitch pocket, shake, check, split, and wane.
wood defect
174
A stream of air that is directed downward across an opening, to exclude drafts, insects, and so on.
air curtain
175
Wood or metal strips used to make a plane surface; also a cavity within a wall or ceiling.
furring
176
The appearance grade used for glued laminated members where appearance is not of primary concern.
industrial appearance grade
177
A laminated panel of thin wood veneers, or plies, permanently bonded together with an adhesive. The grain of the adjacent plies is usually placed at right angles.
plywood
178
An opening in a wall or parapet for the drainage of rainwater from a roof.
scupper
179
A continuous series of steps extending from floor to floor, floor to landing, or landing to landing.
flight
180
The arbitrary limits which define the boundaries between the different states of rigidity or fluidity of fine-grained soils.
Atterberg limits
181
The part of a building's structure that transmits the building's load to the underlying soil.
foundation
182
The masonry bond pattern in which all the head joints form a continuous vertical line and no units overlap.
stacked bond
183
The materials and methods used to prevent moisture from penetrating a building at or below grade.
dampproofing
184
The distance from the edge of a door to the center of the knob or lock cylinder.
backset
185
The removal from a site of unwanted roots, stumps, and so on during excavation.
grubbing
186
To pack a damp concrete mixture into a confined space.
dry pack
187
An elevator used to vertically transport equipment, materials, and goods, rather than passengers.
freight elevator
188
Maintaining concrete at the proper moisture and temperature after it is cast.
curing
189
A silvery-white metal obtained from bauxite clay by the electrolytic process. Its properties include light weight, good heat and electrical conductivity, and resistance to corrosion after forming a protective oxide coating.
aluminum
190
A mortar joint that has been cleaned of mortar for about 3/4 inch back from the face.
raked joint
191
A freight elevator that rises to or directly on the sidewalk level by opening hatch doors in the ground floor.
sidewalk elevator
192
A lightweight aggregate used in lightweight concrete or plaster.
vermiculite
193
Describing inlaid wood flooring, generally set in a traditional geometric pattern.
parquet
194
Permitting leakage or flow of water.
pervious
195
A low-strength metal that is highly resistant to corrosion and therefore used for protective coatings on steel, such as galvanizing.
zinc
196
Temporary support for a portion of a building.
shoring
197
Unequal settlement of the various parts of a building, which may cause excessive stresses in the structural frame or tilting of the building
differential settlement
198
Concrete containing adequate reinforcing steel and designed on the basis that the concrete and steel act together in resisting forces. The concrete is usually assumed to resist compression, while the reinforcing steel is assumed to resist tension.
reinforced concrete
199
Sheet glass containing an embedded wire mesh for strength and safety.
wired glass
200
A movable enclosure that provides vertical transportation for a building's occupants or freight and that serves two or more floors. The common elevator types are electric and hydraulic.
elevator
201
A slot in which roofing material or flashing is inserted, generally in a vertical wall surface.
reglet
202
Brick made for exterior use with special consideration of color, texture, and size.
face brick
203
A concrete element in a location other than its final position. After curing, it is moved to its final location and installed.
precast concrete
204
The best appearance grade for glued laminated members, used where the finest appearance is required.
Premium appearance grade
205
A metal strip placed on corners before plastering to reinforce and protect the corner. Also referred to
as an angle bead.
corner bead
206
A hard, cross-grained mass of wood caused by a branch or limb joining the trunk of a tree and cut through in the process of lumber
knot
207
An underground wood, concrete, or steel member, usually vertical, and usually driven into place, which is used to support building loads.
pile
208
The most usual welding process used in building construction, in which intense heat is produced by an electric arc between the members to be joined and a metal wire or rod, called the electrode
arc welding
209
A clear coating consisting of resins dissolved in a volatile liquid. Varnish produces a hard, smooth, and glossy protective film.
varnish
210
The driving device of a hydraulic elevator, which is powered by liquid under pressure within a cylinder. Also referred to as a plunger.
ram
211
A numerical classification indicating the rate at which flame will spread over the surface of a given material. Class I materials have the least flame spread and Class Ill have the most.
flame-spread rating
212
The decomposition of wood caused by fungi.
decay
213
Opaque glass used in block, sheet, or tile form for
| exterior building panels.
structural glass
214
Distortion of timber during seasoning caused by changing moisture content.
warp
215
Two sheets of glass with an air space between, to insulate against the passage of heat or sound. Also called insulating glass.
double glazing
216
Vertical members used to temporarily hold the face of an excavation during construction.
sheeting
217
A framework of horizontal members used to spread a structural load over a large area.
grillage
218
The time, in hours, that a material or assembly of materials can withstand exposure to fire.
fire-resistance rating
219
A medium carbon steel, rolled in a variety of shapes and sizes for use as load-bearing structural members.
structural steel
220
A type of fire-resistive door that has a solid wood core covered with sheet metal.
kalamein door
221
Laminated glass, consisting of a thin sheet of transparent plastic laminated between two layers of clear glass. Also referred to as safety glass.
shatterproof glass
222
A method of building reinforced grouting masonry walls in which a large area of the wall is set and then the grout is placed, usually by pumping.
high-lift grouting
223
Describing wood that is seasoned by exposure to the atmosphere without artificial heat.
air-dried
224
Describing a door in which veneer faces are glued to an inner skeleton framework.
hollow core
225
A lengthwise separation of wood caused by nonuniform seasoning.
check
226
Glass with a reflective film laminated between two sheets of clear glass, which behaves like a mirror, reflecting heat and glare.
reflective glass
227
Uplift of the soil surface or foundations caused by freezing of moisture in the soil.
frost heave
228
A quarter round trim piece used to cover the joint between the finish flooring and the base.
base shoe
229
An elevator operating system in which all calls are answered in the direction of a car's travel, and calls in the opposite direction are ignored until the travel direction is reversed.
selective-coIIective
230
A proprietary name for weathering steel
Cor-Ten Steel
231
Referring to construction in which fire resistance
| is obtained by using wood structural members of specified minimum sizes.
heavy timber
232
Lumber that has been surfaced by a planing machine. If all four sides are surfaced (S4S), the net dimensions of the piece are about 112 inch less than the normal dimensions. Also called surfaced Lumber.
dressed lumber
233
An inclined timber beam that supports the steps of a wooden stairway.
carriage
234
A resilient floor covering formed of burlap or canvas coated with linseed oil, ground cork, and rosin. It is durable, easily maintained, and relatively inexpensive.
linoleum
235
A beveled fastening device that automatically slides into position when the door is closed.
latch
236
A method of building reinforced grouted masonry walls in which the grout between the tiers is poured as the units are laid.
low-lift grouting
237
A scored concrete surface produced by brooming before the concrete has completely hardened.
broom finish
238
A strip of impervious material (usually sheet metal) that is fastened at one edge and turned down at the other edge over flashing, to prevent water penetration at flashed joints.
counterflashing
239
Earth that is replaced around a foundation or retaining wall after the concrete forms have been removed.
backfill
240
A substance derived from petroleum or coal used to resist water penetration, such as asphalt or coal tar pitch.
bitumen
241
A process of coating aluminum with a hard oxide film by electrolytic action to prevent corrosion and improve appearance.
anodizing
242
A door that consists of four leaves, at right angles to each other, that rotate about a vertical axis within
a cylindrical enclosure. It can carry a continuous,
two-way flow of pedestrian traffic with a minimum of interchange of air between inside and outside.
revolving door
243
The liquid portion of a paint that holds the pigment of solids in suspension.
vehicle
244
Paint that swells up when exposed to excessive heat and thus resists flame spread.
intumescent paint
245
A lock mounted on the face of a door.
rim lock
246
The rounded top edge on a hinge, designed for cleanliness and to avoid catching garments.
hospital tip
247
A protective or decorative metal plate around a knob and/or keyhold of a door.
escutcheon
248
A frame in which the panes of a window or door are placed.
sash
249
A soupy mixture of water and clay or water and Portland cement.
slurry
250
A pulley wheel for hoisting that has a grooved rim to accommodate a wire cable.
sheave
251
The minimum clear height available for passage, measured from a stair tread to the overhead construction, including any projection or obstruction.
headroom
252
A preassembled lock that is installed quickly and efficiently in a rectangular notch cut in the door edge.
unit lock
253
A solid rectangular masonry unit of clay or shale, which has been burned or fired in a kiln.
brick
254
Lumber with rings at 45 degrees to 90 degrees with the wide face. Also called vertical-grained lumber.
edge-grained lumber
255
A method of coating steel with a thin layer of zinc.
sherardizing
256
Discoloration or dullness on the surface of a metal
| caused by oxidation.
tarnish
257
A member beneath a door, to cover the floor joint or provide weather protection. Also called a threshold.
saddle
258
A window or door blind made of fixed or movable horizontal slats.
jalousie
259
A nonbearing exterior building wall, composed of metal framework and panels of glass, plastic, and so on, which functions as an enclosing skin.
curtain wall
260
The horizontal distance of a flight of stairs, including landings.
run
261
A weight on the opposite end of the cables from the elevator cab, which is used to increase traction and reduce power requirements of an electric elevator.
counterweight
262
Describing construction that will not burn or is highly resistant to fire.
fireproof
263
A material consisting of a mixture of Portland cement and asbestos fiber. Although resistant to fire, it is considered a health hazard.
asbestos cement
264
Heat-treated glass that is resistant to impact stresses, thermal stresses, and wind pressures
tempered glass
265
A hollow rod with a perforated intake, which is driven into the ground and connected to a header, from which water is pumped out of an excavation
well point
266
A prefabricated strip of molded or extruded material used in a dry glazing process. Also referred to as a compression zipper gasket.
glazing gasket
267
A test to determine the workability of fresh concrete.
Kelly ball test
268
Removing moisture from green wood to improve its serviceability.
Seasoning
269
A form of clay tile that is used decoratively.
terra-cotta
270
Glass with a plastic sheet laminated between the two layers of clear glass (safety glass) or four of more layers of glass laminated to three or more layers of plastic (bulletproof glass).
laminated glass
271
A type of reinforcement used in reinforced concrete, consisting of a grid of steel wires perpendicular to each other and welded at all points of intersection.
welded wire fabric
272
A mixture of cement, lime, sand, and water used to bond bricks or stone in masonry work.
mortar
273
A joint between two wood members, in which a tenon, the projecting end of one piece, is fitted into a mortise, an opening cut into another piece.
mortise-and-tenon joint
274
A method of framing wood stud walls in which the studs are one story in height and the floor joists bear on the top plates of the wall below.
glazed tile
275
An inclined member that supports the treads and risers of a stairway.
stringer
276
The ability of a material to undergo large deformations without fracture.
ductility
277
Deepening an existing foundation or building a new foundation for an existing building. Underpinning
is usually required when excavation for a new building is adjacent to and deeper than an existing foundation.
underpinning
278
The ease with which concrete can be placed and consolidated in the forms.
workability
279
The load per unit area that can be safely supported by the ground.
bearing capacity
280
An individual vertical tier of masonry in a cavity wall. Also called a tier.
wythe
281
Having no opening larger than capillary pores that permit leakage of water.
water-resistant
282
A brownish powdery substance (iron oxide) which forms on the surface of iron as a result of oxidation.
rust
283
Permanence or resistance to deterioration. requently used to refer to the resistance to decay of a species of wood.
durability
284
A masonry course in which the units are laid on edge with their ends exposed.
rowlock
285
An assembly of laminations of lumber in which the grain of all the laminations is approximately parallel longitudinally. The laminations are bonded with adhesives and fabricated in accordance with certain accepted standards.
glued laminated beam
286
Describing wood that is seasoned in a chamber using artificial heat.
kiln-dried
287
A type of cement (ASTM Type Ill) that provides earlier strength in concrete than ordinary cements. It is used when forms must be removed quickly or when the structure must be put into service quickly
high-early-strength cement
288
The vertical face of a stair step; its height is the vertical distance between treads.
riser
289
A plastic composition of magnesium chloride, sand, and magnesite, used as jointless flooring over concrete, wood, or steel decking.
magnesite flooring
290
A solution of refined lac resin and denatured alcohol used as a clear coating.
shellac
291
The deterioration of metal by chemical action, as a result of exposure to air, water, soil, or other agents.
corrosion
292
The property of permitting passage of water or water vapor through a material without causing rupture or displacement.
permeability
293
The overall rate of heat flow of a particular wall section, expressed in Btus per hour per degree of l=ahrenheit per square foot.
U-factor or U-value
294
A hole drilled into the ground at the site of a proposed structure in order to obtain samples of the subsurface soil for examination and testing in a laboratory. Based on these tests, the soil engineer recommends the type of foundation and the allowable soil bearing pressure.
test boring
295
Incapable of transmitting water by capillary action, but able to transmit water under pressure.
water-repellent
296
A horizontal tie beam connecting two opposing rafters at a level above the wall plates.
collar beam
297
A recessed space or passage through a wall or other
| element to accommodate pipes or ducts.
chase
298
Cross braces used between joists to stabilize them.
bridging
299
extracting metal from its ore.
smelting
300
The vertical mortar joint between ends of masonry units.
head joint
301
A horizontal member used to support a structure above, such as one of the wood strips between a concrete slab and a finished wood floor.
sleeper
302
The complete separation, from top of footing to the roof, of adjacent building parts to allow for expansion and contraction caused by temperature changes.
expansion joint
303
A cone-bearing evergreen tree, such as cedar, pine, or fir.
conifer
304
Tiny air bubbles incorporated into mortar or concrete during mixing to resist freezing action.
entrained air
305
A masonry wall built without mortar. Also, an interior wall or ceiling of gypsum wallboard construction.
drywall
306
The deteriorating reaction between dissimilar metals that are in contact in the presence of moisture. Also called galvanic action.
electrolysis
307
A coarse granular material, with particles varying from about 3 inches to 3/16 inch.
gravel
308
Wood that has been sawn into construction timbers.
lumber
309
Brick made from fire clay which has great resistance to high temperatures.
fire brick
310
The whitish powder of crystallization, caused by water soluble salts, which comes to the surface when water evaporates from brick.
efflorescence
311
A grade of brick used where moderate resistance to freezing is required.
grade MW (moderate weather)
312
The binding or cementing material in mortar, concrete, or terrazzo.
matrix
313
Hand-split wood shingles.
shakes
314
Describing cement or plaster that has been mixed with water only, without sand or lime.
neat
315
The hoisting mechanism of an electric motor, which transmits lifting power by means of friction developed by wire cables running over grooves in the machine-driven sheave
traction machine
316
A compression test of hardened concrete that has been cut from the structure.
core test
317
A short rafter between hip rafter and eave or between valley and ridge.
jack rafter
318
Another term for concrete block.
concrete masonry unit
| CMU
319
Glass that has been textured or to which a pattern has been applied in order to obscure vision or create a decorative effect.
patterned glass
320
A measure of roofing surface area, equal to 100
| square feet.
square
321
Small, flat tile units set on floors, walls, or ceilings to provide permanent, waterproof, durable, and easily maintained finish surfaces.
ceramic tile
322
A cut or notch in a material.
kerf
323
A lengthwise grain separation due to natural causes.
shake
324
A mechanical fastening device with a rectangular
| locking bolt that is projected manually or with a key.
lock
325
The chemical combination of a substance with oxygen, which may cause corrosion or tarnishing in metals.
oxidation
326
A low-strength layer of fine particles that floats to the surface of wet concrete.
laitance
327
In place.
in situ
328
Rejected material whose quality is too low to be used.
culls
329
The tendency of water to move into small spaces, regardless of gravity.
capillary action
330
A masonry course in which the flat, short ends of the units are exposed.
header course
331
The movement of water to the surface of freshly cast concrete.
bleeding
332
A substance composed of two or more metals that have been intimately mixed.
alloy
333
Wire mesh, gypsum lath, wood strips, and so on, which are used for the support and adhesion of plaster.
lath
334
An emulsion of finely dispersed particles of rubber or plastic.
latex
335
An airtight layer used to prevent moisture from a warm interior from passing into and condensing within a cold wall or ceiling area.
vapor barrier
336
A nail having a tapered, rectangular form with a blunt point, cut from sheet steel.
cut nail
337
The most common type of door, generally hung on butts or hinges that are attached to the jambs or bucks.
swinging door
338
A mineral-fiber, low-density plaster mixture which is hand-troweled or machine-sprayed to produce a sound-absorbing surface.
acoustic plaster
339
A method of placing piles using high-pressure water jets.
jetting
340
The solid component of paint, consisting of finely ground material, which gives the paint its color.
pigment
341
The exterior edge formed by the meeting of two adjacent sloping roof surfaces.
hip
342
The vertical support that terminates a handrail at the head or foot of a stairway.
newel post
343
A beveled strip used to avoid a sharp bend in roofing material.
cant strip
344
A horizontal element which separates a door from a window panel above, or the window above such
a crosspiece. Also, a crossbar dividing a window
horizontally.
transom
