building_systems Flashcards
(19 cards)
What is the primary factor driving system choices in building design?
Comfort—specifically temperature and humidity levels for occupants.
What indoor temperature range is generally comfortable in winter?
66°F to 70°F during the day.
What indoor temperature range is generally acceptable in summer?
72°F to 80°F, depending on humidity and local expectations.
What are the three basic ways heat moves?
Conduction, convection, and radiation.
How does conduction work?
Heat transfer through direct contact between materials.
How does convection work?
Heat transfer through a fluid (like air or water) that moves and exchanges heat.
How does radiation work?
Heat transfer via electromagnetic waves from a warm object to a cooler one without direct contact.
What are the three phases of a building system’s heating/cooling cycle?
- Generation, 2. Distribution through the building, 3. Delivery to occupants.
Why is system generation space important?
Because each system type needs adequate space for mechanical components like furnaces, boilers, or cooling units.
Why does fuel type impact system design?
Different fuels (oil, gas, wood, solar) have specific infrastructure, storage, and waste removal requirements.
What does using oil as a fuel require?
An oil tank and space for delivery access.
What cost factors must be considered when selecting a system?
Installation, energy use, maintenance needs, and replacement lifespan.
What are passive systems?
Systems using building orientation, solar gain, and natural ventilation with minimal mechanical equipment.
What are air-based systems?
Systems using ductwork and fans to distribute heated or cooled air—fast but require large duct space.
What are hydronic systems?
Systems using hot or chilled water circulated through pipes—efficient and radiant, but slower response.
What are heat pumps?
Systems that transfer heat between inside and outside using refrigerant and pressure cycles.
What are IR systems?
Infrared radiant systems that directly heat people and objects via line-of-sight radiation.
What is one major challenge with air-based systems in design?
Large duct sizes can impact architectural planning and space allocation.
Why are radiant systems advantageous near windows?
They reduce radiant heat loss from occupants to cold glass, improving comfort.
