Bulk materials and chemical resources impacts and sustainability Flashcards
(57 cards)
What are the problems associated with the lab testing if HSA?
Slow and expensive
Why are field assesments done?
done in the field and cheap to find a select few good samples that can then be tested in labs
What will be looked for in rocks for primary geological assesment for roadstone?
Mineral composition
Abrasion
Texture
Absorption
Reactivity
What mineral composition will be looked out for from the primary geological assesment for roadstone?
Monomineralic rocks (one crystal type) avoided as wear at same rate with polish susceptability so hand lens used to see if multiple minerals present
What is abrasion?
Wearing down or scraping away of material from physical contact on the surface by vehicles of within the road due to motion
How is primary assesment of abrasion done for roadstone?
Place a rock sample over a piece of paper and use a tungsten or steel nail to rub its surface. Assess the ease and extent that the sample is abraded.
How does rock texture determine use for roadstone?
Rock texture determine how well an aggregate will bond with bitumen – rocks with a rough texture readily stick to bitumen, whereas smooth rocks may not
How is the primary assesement for rock texture for roadstone undertaken?
Feels to see if coarse and see if angular crystal grains
Why must absorption be considered for the choice of roadstone?
If a rock sample readily absorbs water, it cannot be used in the surface layers of the road as it will be susceptive to damage from winter freeze/thaw conditions. It may be used in the base layers
How is the primary assesment of absorption done?
Weigh a sample of the dry lithology and record its weight. Immerse the sample in water for 30 minutes. Remove the sample, dry its exterior surface and
weigh it again. If it has increased in weight it has absorbed water and will be susceptible to freeze-thaw actions
What is the typical ph of rainwater in the uk?
5.6 (neutral is 7)
Why must reactivity be considered for roadstone?
Some rock forming minerals naturally react with acidic rain, causing them to soften or dissolve over time. Such rocks are not well suited to
surface courses of roads
How is the primary assesment of reactivity done?
Use an eye-dropper to place a few drops of the weak (5%) hydrochloric acid (HCL) on a lithology. If it effervesces (produces bubbles) the rock reacts with rain to release carbon dioxide
How does UK legislation define a mineral?
general term for Earth’s physical resources for extraction includes: aggregates, chemical resources and ores
What is required in the UK for planning permission and statutory regulation for site operation?
Environmental Statements
and
Environment impact Assessments
Who is the planning policy set out by in the UK?
Town & county planning legislation
What can the town and county planning legislation do?
- Framework for land use planning
- Reconcile needs for development/environmental protection
Who decideds for mineral planning?
Majority of land use decisions are made at the local level
What is the overall aim of mineral planning?
meet the justified need for minerals, as far as practicable, at the least social, economic and environmental cost
How is mineral working different from other forms of development?
Only takes place when mineral occurs in sufficient
quantity/quality (not permanent)
Restored sites can provide environmental/public assets
What does MPA stand for?
Mineral Planning Authorities
What are MPAs?
local authority with responsibility for mineral
planning – forward planning
Jurasdiction: County Councils, National Parks
What are the responsibilities of MPAs?
- Policies/plans to guide future development
- Deciding outcome of Planning Applications
- Monitoring/enforcing policy
How is the mineral considered in the planning application?
amount, nature, end use, methods for
resource evaluation
