Bureaucracy Unit Flashcards by Sophia Rosenthall

“A” Bureaucracy

general definition; clearly defined levels with set tasks/roles

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“The” Bureaucracy

Bureaucracy of the US

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Characteristics of a Bureaucracy

Levels; Specialization; SOP; Expertise

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SOP

Standard Operation Procedure; red tape; set protocols making it difficult

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Article II

Create Bureaucracy; gives executive poser to create departments

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Informal Amendments

Create Bureaucracy; Cabinet

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Theory of Bureaucracy

Efficient;

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Reality of Bureaucracy

not efficient; red-tape; to big to work; to big=wasteful spending; can’t get rid of it bc of power

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Trade responsiveness for…

Fairness

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Trade Effectiveness for…

Efficiency; not effective bc not responsive

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Trade professional independence for…

Accountability; people have skills but can’t use them because of strict process/restrictions

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Sources of Power

essential; specific knowledge; size; discretion

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Discretion

choice- doesn’t matter how you get there just that you do

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Agencies and Admisinstrtion

one person in charge with broad responsibility; similar to cabinet just not permanent

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Commissions

regulates how to do things

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Cabinet Departments

Headed by secretary except for justice

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Regulatory Agencies

quasi(kind of) power; makes rules for area of regulation; determine punishments

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Government Corporations

can be private; ex: mail

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Executive Agencies

day to day of gov; “left overs”; service rather than regulation; NASA

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Patronage/Spoil System

Didn’t need qualifications; friendship and loyalty are more important; Andrew Jackson(noticed scandals)

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Assassination of Garfield

bc he didn’t give someone the job; realized spoil system was an issue

Pendleton Act

ended spoil system; jobs are based on merit

Hatch Act

take politics out of civil service; can’t run for or campaign while working civil service

Service Reform Act

OPM; referee; based on job performance; score exams for position; makes bureaucracy fair

Shared Authority

inefficient; takes longer for bills to be passed; president elects roles, congress controls bureaucracy

Federalism=Wasteful

Two of One Job

Growth of Bureaucracy

Argued to be imperialism

Modern Discretion

Increases- make more choices

Myth: DC

Bureaucrats live in DC- live where the people live

Myth: Disparity

difference btw public opinion and experience- public opinion says ineffective but experience says effective(social security)

Iron Triangle

SUBGOV; outdated; problems are to complicated: 1 IG, 1 Bureaucratic Agency, 1 Congressional Committee

Issue Network

over lapping roles; fluid and flexible

Impact of Bureaucracy

Regulation and Economy- execute and regulate what happens

OPM(office of personal management)

in charge of hiring for most agencies; appointed by president confirmed by senate; names sent to agencies for available jobs-3 per

GS(general schedule) rating

1-18; salaries can be keyed to rating/experience

Senior Executive Service

top notch federal employee of the civil service sector

Plum Book

list of people for direct presidential appointment

Political Appointees

Don't last long; rely on civil servants; loyalty

independent regulatory commission

make/enforce rules to protect public interest in economy; each made up of 5-10 members appointed by president and confirmed by senate; can't be fired

policy implementation

stage of policymaking two establishment of policy and results of policy

Why plans fail

Program design; lack of clarity/resources/authority; administrative routine(SOP); disposition/discretion(don't do things they don't want to); fragmentation

Successful Implementation Example

Voting Rights Act 1965; clear goal w/ straight forward implementation

regulations

gov authority to control/change private sector practices

Munn v Illinois

gave gov ability to regulate charges and services

command-control policy

typical; gov says how to reach goals and check that they follow; offenders are punished

incentive system

alternative to command-control; market like strategies to manage public policy

deregulation

lifting of gov restrictions on business

problems with regulation

raising price; foreign good are cheaper; low quality work

Presidents tactics to control

appoint; issue exec orders; change budget; reorganize agencies

Congress tactics to control congress

influence appointment; alter budget; hold hearings(announce agency abuses); rewrite/make legislation