Burgundy Flashcards
(249 cards)
1
Q
Roughly how many hectares of vineyards are in Burgundy?
A
300,000ha
2
Q
What are the 2 Brandy appellations of Burgundy?
A
Marc de Bourgogne
Eau-de-Vie de Vin de Bourgogne
3
Q
Who outlawed Gamay from Burgundy in the 14th century?
A
The First Duke of Burgundy
4
Q
What is the climate of Burgundy?
A
Continental
5
Q
What are the 2 major climate threats to Burgundy vintages?
A
Hail and spring frosts
6
Q
What is the dominant subsoils of Burgundy?
A
Limestone
7
Q
Through which 3 methods are Burgundy wines sold?
A
Negociants (merchants)
Domaines (growers)
Co-operatives
8
Q
From who do the best Burgundy wines normally come from?
A
Domaines/growers/individual producers
9
Q
When did the co-operative movement start in Burgundy and what quality of wine do they normally export?
A
1930s
Less expensive, lower quality wine
10
Q
What are the best Burgundy vintages since 1990?
A
1990, 1993, 1995, 1999
2002, 2005, 2009
2010, 2012, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2019
2020
11
Q
What are the 4 major grapes of Burgundy?
A
Chardonnay and Aligote (W)
Pinot Noir and Gamay (R)
12
Q
What are the 3 grapes commonly permitted as accessories in Burgundy?
A
Sauvignon Blanc
Sauvignon Gris
Pinot Blanc
13
Q
What is the impact of the Napoleonic Inheritance Laws on Burgundy?
A
Vineyards get divided up equally between the children of the family, meaning that vineyards get split up and broken as generations pass. This leads to a very disjointed and patchy map of ownerships within Burgundian vineyards which is difficult to keep track of
14
Q
To which area does the Bourgogne labelling term apply?
A
To grapes which come from any of the 300 communes in Burgundy. It is a regional, catch-all label spreading from the Yonne down to the Maconnais
15
Q
What wine is featured as part of the Kir cocktail?
A
Bourgogne Aligote
16
Q
Who planted the first vines in Grand Auxerrois?
A
Cistercian monks
17
Q
Which red grape is allowed to make up to 10% if Irancy red wines?
A
Cesar
18
Q
What are the minor white grapes of Auxerrois?
A
Sacy
Melon de Bourgogne
19
Q
What are the 3 villages within Grand Auxerrois?
A
Irancy
Saint Bris
Vezelay
20
Q
What grapes and wines are permitted in Irancy?
A
Still red wines
Pinot Noir (majority)
Cesar and Pinot Gris (up to 10%)
21
Q
When did Irancy become its own appellation?
A
1998
22
Q
What devastated vineyards in Irancy in the 1800s?
A
Phylloxera
23
Q
What grapes and wine is permitted in Saint Bris?
A
Still white wine made from Sauvignon Blanc and Sauvignon Gris
24
Q
In what year was Saint Bris established?
A
2003
25
What terroir is Saint-Bris similar to?
Sancerre
26
What co-operative plays a big role in Saint-Bris?
La Chablisienne
27
What are the grapes and wines permitted for Vezelay?
Still white wines made from Chardonnay
28
When did Vezelay receive its AOC status?
2017
29
What is the co-operative that dominates Vezelay output?
Cave Henry
30
What is the only permitted grape of Chablis?
Chardonnay
31
How many communes lie within Chablis?
17
32
What department is Chablis in?
Yonne department
33
What are the 2 key soils in Chablis, and which is considered superior?
Kimmeridgian soil - the superior soil
Portlandian soil
34
Why is Kimmeridgian soil so highly regarded in Chablis?
It is based off mineral rich clay with a high content of marine fossils in it, which increases the soils lime content. In turn, the wines have more minerality and freshness, a trademark of Chablis
35
What year was Chablis AOC created?
1938
36
Which co-operative dominates the output Chablis wine and when were they created?
La Chablisienne
1923
37
How many Grand Crus does Chablis have?
1 - Chablis Grand Cru
38
How many official climats are in Chablis Grand Cru and what are their names?
7 climats
Preuses
Bougros
Vaudesir
Grenouilles
Valmur
Les Clos
Blanchot
39
How many hectares does Chablis Grand Cru cover?
101ha
40
What is the terroir of Chablis Grand Cru?
Kimmeridgian clay with a south southwest facing above the river Seine. The cool continental climate means a long ripening period allowing for high phenolic ripeness and acidity
41
What are the strict regulations of producing Chablis Grand Cru wines?
Minimum potential alcohol of 11%
Maximum permitted yields of 5400 l/ha
Maximum planting density of 5500 vines per hectare
Maturation until March 15th following year
42
What are the typical aromas of of Chablis Grand Cru?
Honeyed aromas of lime and distinctive mineral tones
43
How many Chablis 1er Cru Climats are there?
40
44
How many Chablis 1er Cru 'Sites' are there considered to be. i.e. major 1er cru vineyards and parcels
17
45
How many hectares are covered by Chablis 1er Cru?
3300ha
46
What soils are Chablis 1er Cru based on?
Kimmeridgian clay, same as Grand Crus
47
In what year was the Petit Chablis appellation created?
1944
48
How many hectares are covered by Petit Chablis?
729ha
49
What are the soils of Petit Chablis?
Portlandian Clay
50
What are the 2 subregions of the Cote d'Or?
Cote de Nuits
Cote de Beaune
51
What type of wines does the Cote de Nuits specialise in?
Still red wines made from Pinot Noir
52
How many Grand Crus does the Cote de Nuits contain?
24 Grand Crus out of Burgundy's 33 total Grand Crus
53
How many 1er Crus does the Cote de Nuits have?
135 1er Crus
54
What are the 9 communes of the Cote de Nuits North to South?
Marsannay
Fixin
Gevrey-Chambertin
Morey-Saint-Denis
Chambolle-Musigny
Vougeot
Flagey-Echezeux
Vosne-Romanee
Nuits-Saint-Georges
55
What type of wines does the Marsannay AOC cover?
Still whites, reds and roses. The only appellation to cover rose which isn't Bourgogne
56
What are the grapes used for the rose wines in Marsannay?
Majority Pinot Noir and Pinot Gris, with up to 10% Chardonnay and Pinot Bianco permitted
57
Which 2 vineyards in Marsannay are considered to be of superior quality, despite Marsannay not having any 1er Crus?
Clos du Roy
Les Longerois
58
What type of wine does Fixin mostly produce?
Still red wines based off Pinot Noir
59
Is Fixin permitted to make white wine?
Yes. Based off Chardonnay
60
How many 1er Crus doesn Fixin have?
6
61
Can Fixin 1er Cru be white as well as red?
Yes but it is very rare to see a white Fixin 1er Cru
62
Between which 2 villages does Gevrey-Chambertin sit?
Fixin to the north and Morey-Saint-Denis to the south
63
In what year did the parish council add the Chambertin suffix to the end of Gevrey to honour the prized vineyards?
1847
64
What are the 9 Grand Crus of Gevrey Chambertin?
Le Chambertin
Chambertin Clos de Beze
Chappelle Chambertin
Charmes Chambertin
Griottes Chambertin
Latricieres Chambertin
Mazoyeres Chambertin
Mazis Chambertin
Ruchottes Chambertin
65
What is the style of Gevrey Chambertin?
The most full-bodied Burgundys, they have a deep colour, great intensity, firm structure, and impressive longevity
66
What are the soils of the best Gevrey Chambertin vineyards?
Well-drained and stony with a thin layer of pebble-strewn, chalky topsoil over a deep rocky base made of a mix of clay and limestone
67
How many 1er Cru climats does Gevrey Chamberting have?
26
68
Which 2 Gevrey Chambertin 1er Cru vineyards are considered to be of Grand Cru quality?
Clos Saint Jacques
Les Cazetiers
69
What is the main soil of Gevrey Chambertin’s 1er Crus?
Red, iron-rich loam soils over marlstone and limestone
70
What percentage of Morey-Saint-Denis wines are white? What grapes can they be made from?
5%
Chardonnay, Pinot Blanc, and Aligote
71
What are the 4 Grand Crus of Morey Saint Denis?
Clos Saint Denis
Clos de Tart
Clos de Lambrays
Clos de la Roche
72
How many hectares does Morey Saint Denis have under vine?
140ha
73
What are the soils of Morey Saint Denis?
Thin, well-drained oolitic limestone soils, with a higher marlstone content on the lower slopes
74
Who is the owner of Clos de Tart?
Domaine Clos de Tart
75
Who are the 2 owners of Clos de Lambrays?
Domaine Clos de Lambrays
Domaine Taupenot-Merme
76
How many 1er Crus vineyards are in Morey Saint Denis?
20
77
What is the style of Morey Saint Denis?
Somewhere between Gevrey Chambertin and Chambolle-Musigny, with a firm structure and full body, but a perfumed and delicate aroma palate
78
Which Morey Saint Denis 1er Cru climat is allowed to produce white wines?
Monts Luisants only
79
How many hectares does Chambolle Musigny contain?
176ha
80
What are the Grand Crus of Chambolle Musigny?
Le Musigny
Bonnes Mares
81
What is unique about Le Musigny Grand Cru
It is one of only 2 Grand Crus in Burgundy to produce both red and white wines
82
What are the 3 climats of Le Musigny?
Les Musigny
Les Petits Musigny
La Combe d’Orveau
83
What are the soils of Le Musigny?
Chalky and limestone
84
Who is the sole producer of white Musigny Grand Cru?
Domaine de la Comte Georges de Vogue
They also own over half of then entire Musigny Grand Cru land
85
How large is Bonnie-Mares Grand Cru?
15ha
86
Which other commune does Bonnes-Mares cross into?
Morey-Saint-Denis
87
How many 1er Crus does Chambolle Musigny have?
24
88
How many hectares of vines does Vougeot have?
88ha
89
What is the sole Grand Cru of Vougeot and how big is it?
Clos de Vougeot
51ha
90
How many producers own vines in Clos de Vougeot Grand Cru?
80 producers
91
What is the problem with Clos de Vougeot being so big?
The quality of wines is largely varied within the vineyard. The vineyard is split into lieux-dits and the soils are largely varied throughout, with some being lower quality, which lowers the reputation of quality of the Grand Cru
92
How many 1er Crus are there in Vougeot? Name them
4
Clos de la Perriere
Le Clos Blanc
Les Cras
Les Petits Vougeots
93
What are the 2 Grand Cru vineyards in Flagey-Echezeaux?
Echezeaux
Grands-Echezeaux
94
What are village level wines sold as in Flagey-Echezeaux?
Vosne-Romanee
95
How large is Echezeaux Grand Cru?
37.7ha
96
Which producer is the largest land owner in Echezeaux Grand Cru?
Domaine de la Romanee Conti with 5ha
97
How many lieux-dits does Echezeaux Grand Cru have?
11
98
Which 2 appellations is Grands-Echezeaux sandwiched between?
Clos de Vougeot and Echezeaux
99
How large is Grand Echezeaux?
9.1ha
100
How many owners are there in Grands Echezeaux?
20
Domaine de la Romanee Conti has the largest holdings
101
What are typical tasting notes for Vosne-Romanée wines?
Tart red fruits and dark elements of undergrowth, liquorice, and smoke
Perfectly balanced weight, structure, elegance and longevity
102
How many grand crus does Vosne Romanee have? Name them
6
La Grand Rue
La Romanee
La Tache
Richebourg
Romanee Conti
Romanee-Saint-Vivant
103
La Grand Rue is a monopole of which producer?
Nicole Lamarche
104
La Romanee is a monopole of which producer?
Domaine de Comte Liger-Belair
105
La Tache is a monopole of which producer?
Domaine de la Romanee Conti
106
What are the 2 lieux-dits of Richebourg?
Les Richebourgs
Les Veroilles
107
Romanee Conti is a monopole of which producer?
Domaine de la Romanee Conti
108
How large is Romanee Conti Grand Cru?
1.81ha
109
How large is Romanee-Saint-Vivant? Which producer has the largest holdings?
9.4ha
Domaine de la Romanee Conti
110
How many 1er Crus does Vosne-Romanee have?
14
111
How much of Nuits-Saint-George’s output is red wine?
97%
112
How many hectares does Nuits-Saint-Georges have?
320ha
113
What is the name of the annual charity wine auction based in Nuits-Saint-Georges
Hospices de Nuits
114
How many 1er Crus does Nuits-Saint-Georges have?
41
115
Does Nuits-Saint-Georges have any grand crusade?
No
116
What is the predominant soil of the Côte de Beaune?
Limestone
117
What are the 18 appellations of the Côte de Beaune?
Aloxe-Corton
Pernand-Verglesses
Ladoix
Savigny-les-Beaune
Chorey-les-Beaune
Beaune
Pommard
Volnay
Saint-Romain
Monthelie
Auxey-Duresses
Meursault
Saint-Aubin
Blagny
Puligny-Montrachet
Chassagne-Montrachet
Santenay
Maranges
118
What is the principle grape of the Côte de Beaune-Villages wines?
Pinot Noir
119
What is the dominant grape of Aloxe-Corton?
Pinot Noir
120
What are the 3 appellations on the Montagne de Corton?
Pernand-Vergelesses on the west
Aloxe-Corton on the south
Ladoix on the east
121
What natural feature sits on top of the Montagne de Corton?
A forest called the Bois de Corton
122
In what year were the Aloxe-Corton vineyards classified?
1982
123
What makes Corton Grand Cru special?
It is the only Grand Cru in the Côte de Beaune to produce red wine
124
Which 3 communes does Corton Grand Cru cover?
Pernand, Aloxe, and Ladoix
125
What is the soil of Corton?
Limestone
126
Which emperor is known for drinking the wines of Corton?
Emperor Charlemagne
127
What style of wines are made under the Corton-Charlemagne Grand Cru?
Still white wines made from Chardonnay
128
Which communes does Corton-Charlemagne fall under?
Aloxe and majority in Pernand
129
How many 1er Crus does Aloxe have?
14
130
Where is Pernand-Vergelesses situated?
Western side of the Corton hill
131
When was Pernand-Vergelesses classified?
2001
132
How many 1er Crus are in Pernand-Vergelesses?
8
133
What wines are produced under the Ladoix appellation?
Still red and white wines based on Pinot Noir and Chardonnay
134
What are the vineyards of Ladoix overshadowed by?
The vines of Corton Grand Cru and Aloxe-Corton
135
How many 1er Crus does Ladoix have?
11
136
What style of wines does Savigny les Beaune produce?
Red and white
137
How many 1er Cru sites are classified in Saivgny les Beaune?
22
138
How many 1er Crus does Chorey les Beaune have?
0
139
Which style of wine does Beaune produce?
Still red and white wines
140
How many 1er Crus does Beaune have?
42
141
What is the Hospices de Beaune?
Charity wine auction held annually in Beaune
142
When was the Hospices de Beaune created? Who is the main beneficiary?
1859
Hotel Dieu, which is a 15th century hospital and almshouse
143
What is the majority of output from Beaune?
Reds based off Pinot Noir
144
What style of wines come out of Pommard?
Powerful and rich reds based off Pinot Noir
145
Where does the name Pommard come from?
The word Pomona, from the Roman goddess of fruit trees
146
How many 1er Crus are in Pommard?
28
147
Are white wines produced in Pommard?
No
148
What is the style of Volnay red wines?
Smooth, delicate, and lush. They contrast Pommards more powerful reds
149
How many 1er Crus does Volnay have?
28
150
Which 1er Cru vineyard is classified as Meursault and Volnay?
Santenots
Meursault Santenots for white wines
Volnay Santenots for red wines
151
When was Saint-Romain given its appellation?
1947
152
How many 1er Cru vineyards are in Saint-Romain?
0
153
Where is Saint-Romain located?
West of Auxey-Duresses in the Saint Romain valley
154
What wines does Monthelie produce?
Majority still red wines with some still white wines
155
How many 1er Crus does Monthelie have?
15
156
Which commune is Monthelie red wine most similar to?
Volnay
157
Where is Auxey-Duresses located?
Saint-Romain valley between Volnay and Meursault
158
How many 1er Crus does Auxey-Duresses have?
9
159
Is Meursault permitted to produce red wines?
Yes, but less than 5% of the land is planted with Pinot Noir, and all of these plantings fall under the catchment of Volnay, and are released as such
160
How many hectares does Meursault cover?
390ha (381ha for white wine)
161
Describe a typical Meursault tasting notes
Fine citrus and minerality
Secondary notes for butter, almonds, and grilled hazelnuts
Rich and full bodied with medium+ acidity
162
Which 3 of Meursault’s 1er Cru vineyards are considered to be the best and most famous?
Charmes
Perrieres
Genevrieres
163
How many 1er Crus does Meursault have?
19
164
How are Meursaults usually aged?
Extended aging in oaks barrels for added complexity
165
What wines come out of Saint-Aubin?
Still white and still red wines
166
When did Saint Aubin gain its 1er Cru classification?
1977
167
How much of Saint Aubin do the 1er Crus cover?
Roughly 3/4
156ha of the 236ha vineyard area
168
How many 1er Crus does Saint Aubin have?
30
169
What wines do Blagny produce?
Still red wines based off Pinot Noir
170
How can white wines from Blagny be labelled?
Meursault-Blagny
Meursault
171
How many 1er Crus does Blagny have?
7
172
In what year was the Montrachet name added to the end of the village Puligny?
1879
173
Can red wines be produced in Puligny-Montrachet?
Yes, but are rarely seen
174
When were the Puligny 1er Crus classified, and how many are there?
1984
17 1er Crus
175
How many Grand Crus have land in Puligny-Montrachet?
4
176
Name the Grand Crus which have land in Puligny-Montrachet
Le Montrachet
Chevalier Montrachet
Batard Montrachet
Bienveneus-Batard-Montrachet
177
Which 2 Grand Crus are split between Puligny and Chassagne Montrachet?
Batard Montrachet
Le Montrachet
178
Why is the terroir of Puligny so well suited to Chardonnay?
The soils have a limestone content
The vines are angled southeast for extended sunlight
There is a high water table, meaning the roots have to dig deep systems
179
What tasting notes make Puligny wines different from Chassagne and Meursault?
They have a distinctive minerality and firmer structure due to the water table and high limestone content
180
How large is Le Montrachet Grand Cru?
7.99ha
181
When is the Montrachet name first mentioned in history?
13th century by the local Benedictine abbey
182
Where is Chevalier Montrachet situated?
Directly above Le Montrachet
183
How large is Chevalier Montrachet?
7.3ha
184
Where does the name Chevalier come from?
It refers to the Knight of Montrachet, the Chevalier being the nobleman’s oldest son
185
Where is Batard Montrachet located?
Just below Le Montrachet, split between Puligny and Chassagne
186
How large is Batard Montrachet?
11.97ha
187
Where is Bienvenues Batard Montrachet located?
Within the northeastern corner of Batard Montrachet, entirely within Puligny
188
Where does the Batard Montrachet name derive from?
From inheritance laws. The local lord divided up the land between his oldest son (Chevalier), the Pucelles (maids), and his illegitimate son, Batard (Bastard)
189
How large is Bienvenues Batard Montrachet?
3.7ha
190
How do the soils of Chevalier and Batard differ from those of Le Montrachet?
Chevalier has much thinner soils due to its altitude with a high proportion of marl, meaning it is better draining than Montrachet
Batard has heavier soils with a higher clay content, making drainage less effective than Le Montrachet
191
Which 2 of the 1er Cru vineyards that lie above the Grand Crus are considered to be of Grand Cru quality?
Le Caillerets
Les Pucelles
192
Roughly what is the output of red wine to white wine?
35% red and 65% white
193
Which 3 Grand Crus lie within Chassagne Montrachet?
Le Montrachet
Batard Montrachet
Criots Batard Montrachet
194
How many 1er Crus does Chassagne have?
55
195
How large is Criots Batard Montrachet?
1.6ha
196
Where does the origin of Criots come from?
It comes from the French word crai, meaning stony soils
197
What style of wines do Santenay producer?
Mostly still red wines with some white wines
198
What are the soils of Santenay?
Higher proportion of marlstone and less limestone, meaning the wines are more rustic and less refined
199
How many 1er Crus does Santenay have?
12
200
Which appellation sits just to the west of Santenay?
Maranges
201
When did Maranges gain its appellation?
1989
202
How many 1er Crus are in Maranges?
7
203
What department is the Côte Chalonnaise in?
Saone et Loire
204
Where does the Chalonnaise get its name from?
The commune of Chalon-sur-Saone
205
What are the main grapes of the Côte Chalonnaise?
Pinot Noir and Chardonnay, as well as Gamay and other Pinot mutations
206
What are the 5 communes of the Côte Chalonnaise from North to South?
Bouzeron
Rully
Mercurey
Givry
Montagny
207
What wines does Bouzeron produce?
Still white wines based off Aligote
208
When did Bouzeron gain appellation status?
1998
209
How many 1er Crus are in Bouzeron?
0
210
When was the Rully appellation created?
1939
211
Which grapes are allowed for Rully?
Pinot Noir and Chardonnay only
212
How many 1er Crus are in Rully?
23
213
What is the name of the limestone ridge Rully sits just below?
La Montagne de la Folie
214
How much of Mercurey’s output is red wine?
80%
215
Where does the Mercurey name come from?
The Roman god Mercurey, god of trade
216
How many 1er Crus does Mercurey have?
32
217
Roughly how much of Givrys output is red wine?
90%
218
Which French King is known for preferring Givry wines?
King Henry IV
219
When was Givry appellation created?
1946
220
How many 1er Crus are there in Givry?
38
221
What wines does Montagny produce?
Still white wines based off Chardonnay
222
Why do wines from Montagny often have higher acidity and minerality?
They are grown on soils which are high in limestone
223
How many 1er Crus does Montagny have?
49
224
Where is the Macon located?
South of the Chalonnaise and north of Beaujolais
225
What wines does the Macon produce?
White, red, and rose
226
Which wines does Macon-Villages produce?
White wines
227
What are Premeur and Noveau Macon?
Fresher style roses released shortly after harvest. By law, these wines may be released 38 days before the third Thursday of November in the year of harvest
228
Roughly what percentage of planted vines are white in Macon?
85%
229
What are Aligote wines released as in Macon?
Bourgogne Aligote
230
What wines does Macon Village cover?
White wines from one or more of 27 villages in the Macon appellation
231
Describe a typical Macon-Villages wine
Lightly floral and fruity with a warm hint of citrus fruit
Better wines have a gentle nutty character, reminiscent of almonds and hazelnuts
232
What wines are produced from Pouilly Fuisse?
White wines based of Chardonnay
233
What are the communes of Pouilly Fuisse?
Chaintre
Fuisse
Solutre-Pouilly
Vergisson
234
What are the soils of Pouilly Fuisse?
Limestone rich clay soils over a granitic base
235
When was the Pouilly Fuisse 1er Cru appellation approved?
From the 2020 vintage
236
How many 1er Crus does Pouilly Fuisse have?
22
237
What wines do Pouilly Loche produce?
White wines made exclusively from Chardonnay
238
When was Pouilly Loche appellation created?
1940
239
How else may Pouilly Loche be labelled?
Pouilly Vinzelles
240
What wines are produced from Pouilly Vinzelles?
White wines made exclusively from Chardonnay
241
What wines are produced from Saint Veran?
White wines produced exclusively from Chardonnay
242
Which appellation splits Saint Veran in 2?
Pouilly Fuisse
243
When were the appellation laws drawn for Saint Veran?
1971
244
What wines are produced from Vire-Clesse?
White wines made exclusively from Chardonnay
245
When was the Vire-Clesse appellation created?
1999
246
What are the Vire-Clesse soils dominated by?
Limestone and clay
247
When were sweet wine laws created in Vire-Clesse?
2018
248
In Vire-Clesse, what does the term Demi-sec mean?
The wines have a residual sugar level of 4-8g/L
249
In Vire-Clesse, what does the term Levroute mean?
The wines have a residual sugar of 8-18g/l
The harvest must be done by hand
Wines must be aged until at least 1st February the following year
