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Burgundy Flashcards

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1
Q

Pinot Noir percentage of Burgundy Vineyards

A

1/3

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2
Q

Pinot Noir is what type of grape??

A

sensitive to yield pressure, delicate and susceptible to vineyard disease, highly affected by frost and heat, one of the oldest vitas vinifera prone to mutation

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3
Q

Name two old names for Pinot Noir

A

Morillon or Noirien

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4
Q

Currently, do most producers use selection massale or clone selection in field?

A

selection massale (field selection) better genetic diversity and complexity in the final wine

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5
Q

Name another name for Gamay

A

Gamay noir a jus blanc

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6
Q

Gamay is a crossing of what? sibling of what?

A

pinot x gouges blanc, sibling of chardonnay

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7
Q

When was Gamay ripped out of Burgundy? By who’s request?

A

1395, Philip the Bold

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8
Q

What is the most planted grape in Burgundy?

A

Chardonnay

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9
Q

Chardonnay is also known as _____ in the Yonne/Chablis

A

Beaunois

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10
Q

What is Chardonnay a crossing of?

A

Pinot Noir x Gouais Blanc

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11
Q

What is more resilient, Chardonnay or Pinot Noir?

A

Chardonnay

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12
Q

Aligote is a crossing of what?

A

Pinot Noir x Gouais Blanc

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13
Q

What commune in Cote Chalonnaise is most known for Aligote?

A

Bouzeron

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14
Q

Sauvignon Blanc is planted in which Burgundy AOP?

A

Saint-Bris AOP in Yonne Department

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15
Q

Where is Pinot Blanc permitted?

A

Many appellations but is often not grown, authorized up to grand cru

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16
Q

Pinot Gris is also known as?

A

Beurot

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17
Q

How is Pinot Gris often used in Burgundy?

A

minor grape for red blends

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18
Q

Cesar is described as what type of grape? where it is used and how?

A

tannic, red grape (german origin) blended with pinot noir Irancy, yet only allowed as a minor component in AOP only 10 ha

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19
Q

Tressot?

A

ancient red variety from Duras x Petit Verdot, commercially irrelevant

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20
Q

Sacy?

A

only authorized for sparkling wines in Burgundy, another pinot noir x gouais blanc

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21
Q

What latitude is Burgundy?

A

46-48 degree latitude, 47th parallel runs through Volnay

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22
Q

climate of Burgundy?

A

continental

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23
Q

how does Burgundy compare to other new world pinot and chardonnay regions?

A

Burgundy is warmer than most but sunshine and average temp throughout the entire season are lower, and the growing season is compressed

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24
Q

how many sunlight hours in Burgundy and average temperatures

A

1,300 and average temps of 68 degrees July-August

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25
When is budbreak in Burgundy?
late April
26
flowering in Burgundy?
mid-June
27
veraison?
early August
28
harvest?
end of September
29
What are the five main growing regions in Burgundy?
Chablis, Cote d'Or Cote Chalonnaise, Maconnais and Beaujolais
30
Grand Auxerrois is made up of what communes?
Vezelay, Irancy, Tonnerre, Joigny, Chablis
31
Cote Chalonnaise lies in which department?
Saone et Loire department
32
Which river runs from S. of the Cote d'Or ( Chalon-sur-Saone) to Macon?
Saone river
33
Most of Beaujolais lies in which department?
Rhone Department, except for a small portion in the north
34
How does the landscape change from the north to south of Maconnais ?
North- like chalonnaise (rolling hills) South-jagged limestone including the rock of solutre
35
Who were the Burgundians?
Small Germanic Tribesman who arrived in 436
36
Where/when were the Benedictine Monks establish in Burgundy?
Abbey at Cluny in Burgundy after the dark ages
37
Who are the Cistercians? What famous vineyard holding are the known for?
an offshoot of the Benedictines (about the 12th century) including Clos Vougeot
38
Who were the Dukes of Valois?
1363-1477 ruled until the French Town took over
39
Hospices de Beaune?
Nicolas Rolin founded in 1443, every year holds wine auction 3rd Saturday in November for proceeds to benefit the sick
40
Pre and Post revolutionary change in Burgundy?
church and private ownership before French Revolution, after land was seized and auctioned off early 1790's
41
Napoleonic code? what year?
1804 abolished primogeniture, requiring for inheritance to be split equally
42
primogeniture?
first born succession of estate
43
when did Negociant houses begin? and controlled trade till?
18th century until estate bottling in 1920's
44
metayage?
sharecropping
45
fermage?
leasing agreements
46
Winemaking practice trends 1950's and 1960's?
could be sold in barrel and bottled elsewhere
47
Winemaking practices in 1980's and 1990's?
rise of new oak for wines, rising levels or ripeness at harvest, preoccupation with darker color, greater reliance on cultured yeasts, enzymes etc. new equipment such as distempers, sorting tables, temperature control and pneumatic presses
48
cold maceration? who pushed for this method?
made famous by Henri Jayer, grapes are crushed and cold soaked at 10-14C for days, up to a week or more as a way to extract color, less astringent tannins and develop fruit aromatics (halting the onset of fermentation)
49
carbonic vs semi-carbonic?
carbonic= whole clusters or whole berries in a closed vat, pump in CO2 (berries undergo intracellular fermentation, consuming sugar and malic acid to produce alcohol and CO2 w/o yeast) semi-carbonic=CO2 is produced naturally, whole clusters at the bottom of the tank break naturally and ferment normally, creating a blanket of CO2
50
What is the result of carbonic maceration?
fruity and floral aromas
51
Whole cluster is more affective during warm or cold years?
warm, ripeness of stems
52
benefits of whole cluster?
provides more aeration during fermentation, creating cooler temperatures, lighter color and slightly carbonic notes, firmer tannin in wine
53
what causes pre-mox?
low sulfur dioxide, excessive stirring of lees, whole bunch pressing, extremely stressed vines
54
chaptalization in Burgundy?
super common, producers now add sugar later in the fermentation process
55
subtractive must enrichment?
remove up to 10% of water from must
56
acidification legality in Burgundy?
is legal, and must be declared and documented
57
why has the need to acidify in Burgundy decreased?
less potassium in the soil from the chemical days, higher potassium raises pH in red wine macerations
58
is it legal to acidify and chaptalize the same wine?
no, one or other, not both
59
does malo typically occur naturally in Burgundy?
yes
60
what is the size and name of a typical barrel in Burgundy?
225L Piece, some producers are using larger barrel for chardonnay 350-400L barrels
61
pigeage?
punch down, common in Burgundy, encourage contact and extraction of cap and must
62
What are the 4 tiers of Burgundy AOP system?
regional, village, premier cru and grand cru
63
are premiere crus a separate class of Burgundy AOP?
no, legal defined geographic designation for village AOP wines
64
climat?
single vineyard, also extends to a terroir definition "a parcel of vines defined and named to be associated with the wine it produces"
65
lieu-dit?
named single vineyard
66
cru?
imprecise term, indicate quality and to indicate a place- (croitre = to grow)
67
clos?
a vineyard with a stone wall
68
village?
imprecise term, commune is an administrated unit of local government
69
hamlet?
small unit within a commune
70
Coteaux Bourguignons AOP?
shares the same broad dimensions as Bourgogne AOP but includes Gamay
71
Bourgogne AOP?
red, white, rose wines from pinot and chardonnay grapes (varieties such as pinot gris, pinot blanc and cesar may be included but just in minor roles)
72
Name the four lieu dits approved in 1990's approved for geographic designations for Bourgogne AOP?
la Chapelle Notre Dame, Le Chapitre, Cote St Jacques, Montrecul
73
Bourgogne Mousseux AOP?
sparkling reds produced via the traditional method, use to be sparkling versions of the famous vineyards
74
Cremant de Bourgogne AOP?
1975 hand harvested, traditional method white and rose sparkling wines produced from chardonnay and pinot noir
75
What commune produces Cremant de Bourgogne AOP?
can be produced anywhere, centered around Fully in Cote Chalonnaise (where sparkling wines were born in the early 8th century )
76
How many grand crus vineyards in the Cote d'Or? Smallest? Largest?
32, La Romanee AOP .85ha, Corton AOP 160ha
77
Bourgogne Hautes Cotes de Nuits? Bourgogne Hautes Cotes de Beaune?
red and wine sourced form scattered villages in the low mountains west of Cote d'Or
78
Cote de Beaune Village AOP?
red, mostly sourced from any village excluding Pommard, Volnay, Aloxe-Corton
79
Cote de Nuits-Village AOP
red, and rarely some white (may be sourced from which villages?) Fixin, Brochon, Prissey, Corgoloin and Comblachien in the South
80
Bourgogne Aligote AOP
separate appellation for varietal wines only from aligote
81
Bourgogne Passe-Tout-Grains AOP
reds and roses modeled after field blends, pinot noir must make up 30% and gamay 15%, must be vinified together, red more common than rose
82
What famous cocktail uses Aligote?
Kir with creme de cassis

Burgundy (6 decks)

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