Burns

Question 1

Burns

Answer 1

damage to tissues from heat, chemicals, smoke, electrical currents or coldness. Can cause fluid to leave vessels to go to the affected area, increasing capillary permeability, which then causes sodium, protein, water and plasma to deplete and move to the injury-causing edema and potentially hypovolemic shock

Question 2

Thermal Burns

Answer 2

burn from the heat that is the most common type of burn

Question 3

Smoke Inhalation

Answer 3

injection of hot air or noxious chemicals that causes damage to the resp tract, classified into above or below the glottis

Question 4

Inhalation Above the Glottis

Answer 4

thermally produced that causes mucosal damage from smoke, steam or air where mechanical obstruction may occur

Question 5

S&S of Inhalation Injuries

Answer 5

facial burns
clothes burned
singed nasal hair
history of being trapped in a burning house or near burning
hoarse throat 
painful swallowing
redness around the face
resp depression
carbonaceous sputum
smoky breath
pulmonary edema
can take 12-24h before symptoms full mature and show

Question 6

Inhalation Below the Glottis

Answer 6

a most common cause of death with house fires and burns increased length of exposure where the fumes burn below the glottis that manifests as resp distress

Question 7

Chemical Burn

Answer 7

burns from acidic and basic organic or inorganic compounds that cause burns and system toxicology

Question 8

S&S of Chemical Burns

Answer 8

chemical still on the skin
degeneration of exposed tissue
localized pain
edema of the surrounding tissue
discolouration of the skin
decreased muscle coordination
resp distress
paralysis

Question 9

S&S of All Burns

Answer 9

redness 
edema of the affected tissues
shivering/fever
altered mental status
possible necrosis and decreased cap refill
dysrhythmia/cardiac arrest
tissue ischemia
blisters
pain
dynamic ileus
impaired circulation
decreased GFR

Question 10

CO Poisoning

Answer 10

incomplete combustion of burning materials introduced into the system causes CO to displace O2 in the body, causing death, hypoxia, and impaired circulation. TX is O2 admin and may not appear from the outside to have burns

Question 11

Electrical Burns

Answer 11

coagulation necrosis from the intense heat from an electrical current that may have direct damage to nerves and vessels, for tissue anorexia, current can pass through vital organs producing life-threatening squaleae

Question 12

S&S of Electrical Burns

Answer 12

leathery, white or charred skin
entry and exit point for some burns
can burn clothing from sparks near the entry point
impaired touch sensations
if intense electrical current then can cause no pain with such severe nerve damage
head or neck injury
fractures or dislocation from the force of the electrical current
contact points having thermal burns

Question 13

Cold Thermal Burns

Answer 13

coming into contact with such severe cold it damages the skin instantly, like frostbite

Question 14

Complications of Burns

Answer 14

head and neck injury
cardiac arrest
dysrhythmia
hypovolemic shock
fluid replacement being too fast that it causes system edema
kidney failure
pneumonia
physical disabilities and nerve damage
diarrhea or constipation due to the system prioritizing things
ulcer development

Question 15

Classification of Burns

Answer 15

extent, location, depth and risk factors

Question 16

Superficial Burns

Answer 16

1st degree, only the epidermis is affected where it is red, blanches on pressure, pain with mild swelling, no vesicles or blisters

Question 17

Partial Thickness Burn

Answer 17

2nd degree, where it burns through the dermis and epidermis, blisters filled with fluid, red, shiny, mild to moderate swelling, and may cause nerve damage or epithelial healing compromisation

Question 18

Full Thickness Burn

Answer 18

3rd and 4th degree. 3rd is everything but the bone burned and has nerve/muscle involvement. Dry, waxy and leathery texture to the burns with impaired circulation to the surrounding tissues, visible thrombosed vessels and insensitivity to pain bc nerves are shot
4th degree is even burning the bone and everything the 3rd degree has

Question 19

Burn Management General

Answer 19

IV meds of antibiotics, fluids (lactated ringers if >15% BSA), and pain analgesics
tetanus vaccine
prevention of infection
dry dressings with little cling wrap for circulation
stabilizing spine
O2
monitoring input and output
wound care is delayed until circulation and fluid replacement therapy has occurred/starting
debridement to remove necrosis

Question 20

Emergent Phase Burn Management

Answer 20

resuscitative care, solving the major complication, ABCs and prevention of further progression

Question 21

Acute Care Burn Management

Answer 21

wound care, fluid replacement, exercise, grafting, pain management, physical and occupational therapy, nutritional therapy and psychosocial care

Question 22

Hypovolemic Shock

Answer 22

a syndrome characterized by decreased blood flow decreased venous return, decreased stroke volume and CO, cellular O2 supply gone, decreased tissue perfusion, loss of intravascular fluid, and impaired cellular metabolism. Causes imbalance in O2 supply and demand, and the nutrients from the impaired circulation

Question 23

Absolute Hypovolemic Shock

Answer 23

eternal loss of whole blood or loss of other bodily fluids

Question 24

Relative Hypovolemic Shock

Answer 24

fluid shifts from internal bleeding or other massive vasodilation pooling of blood or fluids

Question 25

Second and Third Spacing

Answer 25

fluid and sodium shifting into the interstitial space from increased permeability capillary with insensible loss of fluids