Resp Complications and Septic Shock

Question 1

Effusion

Answer 1

collection of fluids in hallow or in-between spaces in the body

Question 2

Pleural Effusion

Answer 2

collection of fluid in the pleural space due to the imbalance of equilibrium of membranes. Symptom of disease, but not a disease on their own

Question 3

Transudative Pleural Effusion

Answer 3

non-inflammatory normal fluid in the pleural space that is just in excess, decreased protein, typically from an increase in hydrostatic pressure

Question 4

Empyema Pleural Effusion

Answer 4

puss, lots of WBC filling the space

Question 5

Exudative Effusion

Answer 5

albumin in the spaces that have increased protein, inflammation, and increased capillary permeability causes the effusion

Question 6

S&S of Pleural Effusion

Answer 6

SOB
Chest pain
protrusion of the chest
pain that increases with breathing and can reach the shoulder and the arm
cough
fever and chills
nightmares and night swears
anroexia/weight loss

Question 7

Daignosis of Pleural Effusion

Answer 7

the normal bitches
CT
chest X ray
venous/ABGs
ultrasound
thoracentesis
focused resp exam

Question 8

TX of Pleural Effusion

Answer 8

admin of O2
chest tube for drainage
surgery to drain
relaxation starts for reducing anxiety
pain meds
implement interventions related to the root cause of the effusion

Question 9

Pneumothorax

Answer 9

collection of air in the pleural space that can be closed, spontaneous, or open that results in partial or full collapse of the lungs

Question 10

Closed Pneumothorax

Answer 10

typically in COPD or male smokers that is an unknown cause of the air filling in the pleural space. That one TikTok sound “how’d that get in here?”

Question 11

Open Pneumothorax

Answer 11

air enters through the hole in the wall, can also come from bulbs bursting within the body that we can’t see from the outside

Question 12

Hemothorax

Answer 12

collection of blood in the pleural space

Question 13

Pneumo-Hemothorax

Answer 13

air and blood in the pleural space for a double whammy

Question 14

Chylothorax

Answer 14

lymphatic fluid in the pleural space

Question 15

S&S for Small Pneumothorax

Answer 15

mild tachy
SOB
Enlarged chest

Question 16

S&S for Large Pneumothorax

Answer 16

angina
barrel chest
tracheal deviation
cyanosis
distended neck veins
crunchy heart
increased RR
SOB
severe pain when breathing
air hunger
low O2 Sat
decreased breath sounds
frothing at the mouth
narrowed pulse pressure
restlessness

Question 17

Early Findings of Pneumothorax

Answer 17

tachypnea
hyperresponsiveness of the chest wall
decreased tactile fremitus
lower pitch booming sounds with breathing

Question 18

Tension Pneumothorax

Answer 18

air accumulation quickly cannot escape that increases intra-thorax pressure and lung collapse that also has the mediastinal shift towards the unaffected side which can lead to the compression

Question 19

S&S of Tension Pneumothorax

Answer 19

decreased CO, venous return and LDC
aorta and vena cava compressed
absent breath sounds
tracheal clinician
hypotension
neck vein distension

Question 20

TX of Pneumothorax

Answer 20

emergent needle decompression
chest tube
clearing entryway
IV of fluids and antibiotics
covering the chest wounds
thoracentesis

Question 21

Pneumonia

Answer 21

acute inflammation of lung parenchyma caused by the microbial organism

Question 22

Community-Acquired Pneumonia

Answer 22

from the hospital or another person <48h post-exposure that can be from streptococcus pneumonia, legionella, mycoplasma and chlamydia

Question 23

Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia

Answer 23

> 48 post-hospital stays that can result from is typically from compromised resp therapy equipment that is caused by the same as a community, Pseudomonas, enterobacter, MRSA, and methicillin-resistant

Question 24

Fungal Pneumonia

Answer 24

fungi in the resp tract

Question 25

Aspiration Pneumonia

Answer 25

fluids and materials aspirated from the stomach is introduced into the resp tract

Question 26

Red Hospitalization Pneumonia

Answer 26

massive dilation of the capillaries in the lungs filling with immune response resulting in the red appearance of the lungs and granulous

Question 27

Grey Hospitalization Pneumonia

Answer 27

decreased blood flow and consolidate in the affected area of the lung making it look grey

Question 28

Stages of Pneumonia

Answer 28

Stage I shift of fluid in the affected area from alveoli where the organism spreads and multiplies Stage II continuation and now massive dilation of the capillaries that have alveoli fill with the organism, blood and fibrin Stage III decreased blood flow to affected areas and bad cap refill instead which makes lungs look grey Stage IV is healing, exudate lysed and processed by macrophages and restoration of the lungs

Question 29

Risk Factors of Pneumonia

Answer 29

``` DM Leukemia alcoholism LOC weakened immune system smoking immunosuppressants malnutrition intubation ```

Question 30

S&S of Pneumonia

Answer 30

``` sudden onset of fever and chills pleuritic chest pain changes in vital signs confusion/delirium fremitus bronchial breath sounds myalgias necrosis sore throat diarrhea productive cough crackles in the lungs imbalance of CO2 and O2 nausea and vomiting ```

Question 31

Complications of Pneumonia

Answer 31

``` pleural effusion pleurisy pericarditis autocisosis delayed resolution emphysema meningitis endocarditis ```

Question 32

TX of Pneumonia

Answer 32

antibiotics targeting the main cause of the pneumonia increased fluids pain relief meds O2 Sat to be >95% high fowler's position pneumonia vax if this is more than the first one and severe antipyretics and increased caloric intake

Question 33

Sepsis/Septic Shock

Answer 33

life-threatening organ dysfunction and system inflammatory response to an infection

Question 34

S&S of Sepsis

Answer 34

``` altered mental status a high score on the organ failure score tachypnea hypotension GSC<15 hyperventilation hypoperfusion organ failure ```

Question 35

Diagnostics of Sepsis

Answer 35

``` usual suspects liver enzyme creatine level organ failure status bilirubin levels ```

Question 36

TX of Sepsis

Answer 36

``` measurement of fluids and maintain them antibiotics vasopressors 30mg/kg crystalline or lactate ringers R&R pneumococcal vaccine multiple drug therapies increased nutritional status ```