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Business Unit 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

State three benefits of a well-motivated workforce

A
  • High output per worker
  • Willingness to accept change
  • More willingness to communicate effectively with managers
  • Decreased labour turnover
  • Lower absenteeism
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2
Q

What are the 5 aspects of Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs

A
  • Self-actualisation
  • Esteem needs
  • Social Needs
  • Safety/ security needs
  • Psychological needs
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3
Q

What did F.W Taylor believe workers were motivated by?

A

Money

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4
Q

What were the two sets of needs Herzberg said employees had and give two examples of each

A

Hygiene needs (e.g., salary, working conditions)

Motivators (e.g., achievement, recognition).

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5
Q

State one pro and one con to firms of workers being paid based on time rate

A

Pro: Easy to calculate by the company, 2. Employee knows exactly how much they should be paid

Cons: Good and bad workers get paid the same amount of money, leads to demotivation of good workers

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6
Q

What is piece rate

A

When workers are paid depending on the quantity of products made (more they make the more they are paid

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7
Q

State one pro and one con of paying workers piece rate

A

Pro: Encourages workers to work faster and produce more

Con: Workers may focus on making a large amount of products and rush their work, impacting the quality of the products

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8
Q

What is a salary

A

It is an amount of money paid per year and dividend and paid in 12 monthly amounts

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9
Q

State one pro and one con of a firm paying salaries to workers

A

Pro: Only has to be distributed once a month so less time consuming for the HR and finance department
Pro: Employer has the money in their account for longer than if they were paying wages > improves cash flow

Con: workers may prefer to be paid weekly
Con: No payment for extra time workers > demotivating employees

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10
Q

Define Commission

A

Commission is a payment relating to the number of sales made. The more sales an employee makes, the more money they make

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11
Q

State one pro and one con of paying workers based on commission

A

Pro: Motivates employees to increase sales and sell more products

Con: Employees working on commission can put pressure on customers to purchase the products leading to negative brand image

Con: If there is a recession, sales will be low and so commission will be difficult to achieve

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12
Q

Explain what profit sharing is

A

A system where a proportion of the companies profits is paid out to employees in addition to their wage/salary

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13
Q

State one pro and one con of Profit sharing for firms

A

Pro: Motivates employees to work hard and reach the objective of profit as they will all receive a share of the profit

Con: If a business makes a loss or low profits, then employees will be disappointed

Con: Profit share is usually calculated based on a percentage of your existing salary/ wage which may cause conflict between higher and lower paid staff

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14
Q

Define Fringe Benefits

A

Perks that employers give to their employees and are non-financial rewards

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15
Q

Define Job Rotation

A

Job rotation involves workers swapping around and doing each specific task for only a limited time and then changing around again

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16
Q

State one pro and one con of Job Rotation

A

Pro: More variety for workers so they will not get bored as easily

Pro: If people are ill its easier to cover these workers as other employees are skilled to cover the job

Con: Expensive to train all staff in different tasks

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17
Q

Define Job Enrichment

A

Involves looking at jobs and adding tasks that require more skill and responsibility

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18
Q

State one pro and one con of job enrichment

A

Pro: Workers given more responsibility will make them feel more empowered and trusted which leads to motivation

Con: Employees may be unhappy if they have extra responsibilities with no extra pay

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19
Q

State one pro and one con of employees working in a team

A

Pro: Working as a team can give better sense of belonging to the company, leading to an increased motivation

Con: Employees may clash, leading to arguments and disagreements which distracts them from working

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20
Q

What is a Promotion

A

Promotion is the advancement of an employee in an organisation, for example to a higher level in the organisation structure

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21
Q

Explain one pro and one con of promoting employees

A

Pro: A promotion will lead to employee feeling recognised and given more challenging work > leads to motivation and is supported by Maslow’s top level (self actualisation)

Con: Conflict may occur if one employee is promoted and another is not

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22
Q

Define Span of Control

A

The number of subordinates working directly under a manager

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23
Q

Define Chain of Command

A

Allows instructions to be passed down from senior management to lower levels

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24
Q

What is a tall organizational structure?

A

An organizational structure with many levels of hierarchy.

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25
State two pros and two cons of a flat structure
Pro: Communication and decision making is faster Pro: Lots of delegation means that staff are given greater responsibility which might increase motivation Con: Wide span of control means managers have too many staff and may loose touch with them > result in a decrease in productivity Con: Less chance of promotion as there are fewer levels > could decrease motivation
26
State two pros and two cons of a tall structure
Pro: lots of layers meaning lots of opportunities for promotion > increased motivation Pro: Supervisors normally have a small span of control so they get to know their subordinates and are able to monitor then effectively > Increase subordinates productivity Con: Long chain of command > communication and decision making is slower Con: Expensive as there are more managers/ supervisors > higher salary costs
27
What is a flat Organizational Structure?
An organizational structure with few levels in the hierarchy
28
State the role of directors
They lead a department eg. Marketing department
29
State the role of managers
Work in a department and give orders to supervisors
30
State the role of supervisors
Supervisors supervise all other subordinates
31
List the 5 functions of a manager
1. Planning 2. Organizing 3. Commanding 4. Controlling 5. Coordinating.
32
Define Delegation
Delegation means giving a subordinate the authority perform particular tasks
33
Explain one benefit and one drawback of delegation
Benefit: Less stress for the managers if they delegate some tasks as they can now focus on other functions. Benefit: Subordinates feel empowered that they have been given certain tasks > they feel trusted and therefore motivated Drawback: Subordinates may be demotivated that they have been given more tasks with no extra pay Drawback: The subordinate may not be qualified/ skilled enough to do the task
34
Define autocratic leadership
Where the manager expects to be in charge and have their orders followed
35
State two pros and two cons of autocratic leadership
Pro: Allows quick decision making which is good during a crisis Con: Employee feels their ideas are not listened to which can be demotivating
36
Define Democratic leadership
Democratic leadership style is when employees are involved in the decision making process
37
State two pros and two cons of democratic leadership
Pro: Employees feel that their ideas are being listened to > increases motivation Pro: Employees may have great ideas to offer increasing product quality and customer service Con: Decision making is slower as there are more people involved > this decreases efficiency Con: Takes longer to decide on new products and changes that are needed
38
Define Laissez Faire leadership
Where the leaders make a broad objective of the business known to employees but then employees are left to make their own decisions and organise their own work
39
State two pros and two cons of Laissez Faire Leadership
Pro: Encourages employees to show creativity > can lead to better ideas and better products/ services Pro: Makes employees feel empowered as they feel more trusted to carry out work themselves > motivation Con: If employees are young/ inexperienced they may not know how to carry out tasks effectively Con: may cause employees to be less efficient as there is no strict supervision
40
Define the term Trade Union
A trade Union is group of employees who have joined together to ensure their interests (fair pay and working conditions) are protected.
41
State two benefits of a trade Union to employees
1. Pay increase 2. Better working conditions safer working environment 3. Sick pay 4. Better maternity or paternity pay & leave
42
Explain the difference between internal and external recruitment
Internal recruitment is when vacancy is filled by someone who is an existing employee of the business External recruitment is when a vacancy is filled by someone who is not an existing employee and will be new to the business
43
State two pros and two cons of Internal Recruitment
Pro: It is cheaper as there is no external recruitment costs Pro: It can be motivating for existing employees as their is potential for promotion Pro: The person is already known to the business > business is aware of their skills Con: No new ideas or experiences Con: May be rivalry/ conflict between employees > demotivation
44
State two pros and two cons of external recruitment
Pro: New ideas and experiences into the business > improve motivation fro existing employees/ better decisions and services Pro: Avoids arguments among existing employees Con: Its more expensive than internal recruitment as they need to advertise the job
45
State the main stages in the recruitment and selection process
- Vacancy arises - Complete a job analysis - Create job description - Create job specification - Job advertised - Review application forms and short list - Carry out interviews and select right candidate
46
State two benefits and two drawbacks of part time staff
Pro: Flexible > employees can work at busier times Pro: Can ask employees to work at peak hours so reduces unnecessary wage costs Con: Takes longer to recruit two part time employees rather than one full time employee Con: Part time employees can be less committed to the business eg. Students
47
State two benefits and two drawbacks of full-time staff
Pro: Takes less time to recruit one full time employee rather than two part time employees Pro: Full time employees can be more committed to the business > increases quality of customer service Con: Employees need to be paid regardless of peak busy times - leading to higher costs
48
State 4 benefits of training employees
1. Improves the efficiency of the employees 2. To introduce a new process or new equipment 3. Improves the quality of the product/ service 4. Reduces the chances of work place accidents
49
State two benefits of induction Training
Pro: Workers are less likely to make mistakes if they are familiar with the working environment and machinery Pro: Helps new employee feel more confident and confortable in the workplace, making them feel happier and more motivated Con: The employer still has to pay the employee wages on induction day even though they are not working Con: Time consuming as managers have to spend time away from the business
50
State two benefits and two drawbacks of on-the-job training
Pro: Cheaper than off the job training as the employee is not sent to an external paid for course Pro: It is training tailored to the specific needs of the business eg. machines/ workspace so improves ability to use machines > better quality of products Con: The trainer will not be as productive as normal as they are trying to teach trainee > decrease in productivity Con: Trainer may have bad habits which they could pass on to the trainee
51
State two benefits and two drawbacks of off the job training
Pro: Trained by experts so may gain better skill > higher productivity/ better quality Pro: Employee could attend the training course in the evening and therefore carry out duties during the day > no decrease in productivity Con: Cost of courses can be high Con: If employee gains additional qualifications from the course it means they are more employable and may leave for other firms
52
Explain the difference between dismissal and redundancy
Dismissal is when employment is ended against the will of the employee, usually for not fulfilling the duties Redundancy is when an employee is no longer needed and so loses their job.
53
Explain three reasons why a business may have to downsize their workforce
- Financial instability - Decrease in demand - Mangers have lost control
54
State and explain the 5 main legal controls on employment issues
1. Employment legislation that a business must follow - Provides employees with a contract of employment 2. Unfair dismissal - When a business ends a worker’s contract for a reason that is not covered in the contract 3. Discrimination laws 4. Health and safety at work - Providing safe equipment, hygiene work space 5. Legal minimum wage
55
What is a benefit of verbal communication in meetings?
Team meetings are an efficient way of communication with a large number of people. ## Footnote Feedback can be given immediately.
56
What is a drawback of verbal communication in meetings?
People may not listen during a meeting or may not understand the message. ## Footnote A permanent record of the communication may be needed and so will need to be recorded in writing also.
57
What is a benefit of written communication?
There is 'hard evidence' of the communication, making it clear and reducing disagreements about the content of messages. ## Footnote Messages can be forwarded to other people quickly.
58
What is a drawback of written communication?
Many emails may lead to information overload, causing receivers to ignore them. ## Footnote Some emails may be too long and difficult for the receiver to comprehend all the information.
59
What is a benefit of visual communication?
Can make a written message clearer by adding a graph or a chart. ## Footnote May attract the receiver's attention more than written communication.
60
What is a drawback of visual communication?
Some people may find the charts difficult to interpret, leading to misunderstandings. ## Footnote Some may not pay attention to videos, e.g., a health and safety video.
61
What are the components of the communication process?
1. A transmitter or sender who sends the message 2. A medium of communication e.g. an email 3. A receiver of the information 4. Feedback - Where the receiver confirms the message has been received and responds to it.
62
What is a barrier to communication related to the sender?
Language that is too difficult is used or they may use jargon. ## Footnote The sender may speak too quickly or the message may be too long.
63
What is a barrier to communication related to the medium?
The wrong channel has been used, e.g., an important message was put on the notice board and so people ignore it. ## Footnote If the message has been passed down a long chain of command, it may become distorted.
64
What is a barrier to communication related to the receiver?
They might not be listening or paying attention. ## Footnote The receiver may not like the sender and therefore may not be willing to act on the information.
65
What is a barrier to communication related to feedback?
The receiver doesn’t give feedback. ## Footnote The feedback takes too long due to a long chain of command.

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