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anatomy quiz > butaric > Flashcards

butaric Flashcards

1
Q

Ischiopubic ramus

A

ischium and pubis, bridge btwn the two structures

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2
Q

Linea aspera

A
  • on posterior femur
  • has a medial and lateral lip
  • Medial lip distally= becomes medial supracondylar line and vice versa
  • Medial lip proximally= from pectineal line
  • Lateral lip proximally= from gluteal tuberosity
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3
Q

Spiral Line

A
  • on proximal femur

- continuation medially of intertrochanteric line

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4
Q

Quadrate Tubercle

A

on intertrochanteric crest

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5
Q

Popliteal tendon locations.

A
  • located in the vertical (anterior) groove (distal femur) when knee extended
  • in the oblique (posterior) groove (distal femur) when knee fully flexed.
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6
Q

sulci menisci

A

separate the patellar & tibial articular surfaces of the femoral condyles

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7
Q

patella

A

Largest sesamoid bone; forms within quadriceps femoris tendon

Only articulates with femur (patellar surface)

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8
Q

siding patellas

A
  • Find apex of patella and set it on table w/ apex pointing away from you and facets on the table= will lean to a side
  • Lateral facet is lateral and deeper= falls to lateral side
  • If falls to a left side= left patella
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9
Q

ossification patterns of femur

A 
-4 secondary centers:
epiphysis appears at 6 months
-femoral head appears at 1 year
-greater trochanter appears at 4 years
-lesser trochanter appears btwn years 11-12
-1 primary center (shaft)
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10
Q

ossification of patella

A
  • very variable (sesamoid bone, forms in a tendon)
  • can form from 3-6 ossification centers
  • Sometimes fails to fuse depending on where ossification center comes from
  • Can make it look like patella is broken in an xray
  • Called a bipartite patella
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11
Q

number of bones that make up pelvis years 1-4

A

3 separate bones

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12
Q

triradiate suture

A
  • line btwn all 3 bones of os coxa when starting to fuse

- Can see from age 4-14

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13
Q

Femoral Angle of Inclination

A
  • Angle between neck and shaft

- Coxa valga= large angle of inclination

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14
Q

Femoral Angle of Declination (Torsion)

A

Anterior projection of neck from shaft

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15
Q

differences btwn chimp and human angle of declination

A
  • Chimp femur= shaft is straight up and down and femoral head is right in line w/ greater trochanter
  • Humans= shaft is at an angle= Brings distal aspect of femur closer to our body
  • Have a higher neck= doesn’t meet up w/ greater trochanter like chimp femur does
  • Femoral head= in line w/ lateral condyle= Allows us to walk for longer periods of time w/o tiring out
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16
Q

Superficial subcutaneous fascia components

A 
Superficial fatty (Camper’s)
Deep membranous (Scarpa’s)
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17
Q

Deep investing fascia components

A

Fascia lata:Thickened laterally (iliotibial band), thin medially

fascia cribosa= continuation of fascia lata, continues over saphenous hiatus; thoracolumbar fascia in back; investing cural fascia in leg; intermuscular septa of thigh & leg

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18
Q

Saphenous hiatus (fossa ovalis)

A
  • oval shaped opening in deep fascia, allows for passage of great saphenous vein
  • entrance for great saphenous vein to dump into femoral vein
  • covered w/ fascia cribosa
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19
Q

iliotibial band

A
  • Thickened tendon in lateral part of fascia lata: Iliotibial Band
  • Helps keep knee extended and provides lateral stability when standing
  • Attaches to ilium proximally and to lateral condyle of tibia (Gerdy’s tubercle) distally
  • Receives insertion of tensor fascia lata m and gluteus maximus m
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20
Q

medial compartment of thigh components

A

Thigh Adductors= pectineus, gracillis, adductor magnus, obturator externus, adductor longus, adductor brevis
Obturator N
Medial Circumflex, profunda femoris & obturator arteries

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21
Q

anterior compartment of thigh components

A

“Quads” & other muscles
Knee Extensors & Thigh Flexors (iliopsoas, Sartorius, articularis genu,
Femoral N= all muscles done by this
Femoral Artery branches

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22
Q

posterior compartment of thigh components

A

“Hamstrings”= biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, plantaris, popliteus
Thigh Extensors & Knee Flexors
Sciatic n (primarily Tibial n)
Perforating branches from profunda femoris a

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23
Q

intermuscular septa that separates anterior and posterior compartment

A

lateral intermuscular septa

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24
Q

intermuscular septa that separates posterior and medial compartments

A

posterior intermuscular septa

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25
Q

intermuscular septa that separates medial and anterior compartments

A

medial intermuscular septa

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26
Q

quads muscles

A

rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, medialis, and intermedius

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27
Q

Rectus Femoris

A

From: AIIS (anterior inferior iliac spine) (straight tendon) & groove above acetabulum (reflected tendon) (different from others bc attaches to hip and doesn’t come from femur, so it can act on the hip)

To: superior border of patella & tibial tuberosity (via patellar ligament/tendon)

Action: Flex thigh* (bc crosses hip joint), extend knee

Nerve: Femoral N

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28
Q

Vastus Lateralis

A

From: lateral lip of linea aspera, (anchor feature) lateral lip of gluteal tuberosity, anterior and inferior borders of greater trochanter, lateral supracondylar line

To: lateral border of patella and tendon of quadriceps femoris, and tibial tuberosity (via patellar lig)

Action: Extend knee

Nerve: Femoral N

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29
Q

Vastus Medialis

A

From: distal intertrochanteric line, medial intermuscular septum, tendons of a. longus & magnus, proximal medial supracondylar line, medial lip of linea aspera

To: medial border of patella and tendon of quadriceps femoris, and tibial tuberosity (via patellar lig)

Action: Extend knee

Nerve: Femoral N

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30
Q

Vastus Intermedius

A

From: Proximal 2/3’s of anterior-lateral femur

To: quadriceps tendon and tibial tuberosity (via patellar ligament/tendon)

Action: Extend knee

Nerve: Femoral N

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31
Q

Iliopsoas

A

Iliacus + psoas major
Joint insertion to lesser trochanter of femur
Flexes thigh
innervation: femoral nerve

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32
Q

Articularis Genus

A

Anterior surface of distal femur (Deep to v. intermedius)
Draws synovial membrane of knee (proximally)
innervation: femoral nerve
sits under vastus intermedius

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33
Q

Sartorius

A

ASIS to superior-medial tibial body
Many functions = sitting “cross-legged” (like a tailor)
innervation: femoral nerve
courses laterally to medially
Allows for lateral rotation, hip flexion, knee flexion

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34
Q

pes anserinus components

A

Sartorius, gracillis, semitendinosus

35
Q

collective action of anterior compartment of thigh

A

extend the knee joint

36
Q

collective action of medial thigh

A

adduction of thigh/hip, and some hip flexion

37
Q

gracillis

A

From pubic symphysis (inferior half), pubic body, inferior pubic ramus

To proximal medial tibia*

Actions: ADduct and medial rotate thigh (don’t worry about this action); flex knee

Nerve: Obturator N. (anterior branch)

38
Q

pectineus

A

From pecten pubis and bone just anterior to pubic body (between pubic tubercle and iliopectineal eminence)

To pectinal line of femur

Action Flex, ADduct, and medial rotate thigh

Nerve: Femoral OR Obturator N. (ant branch)
If present: Accessory obturator N

can be considered anterior or medial thigh compartment

39
Q

Obturator Externus

A

From external aspect of ischial ramus
-under pectineus

To intertrochanteric fossa

Action: Flex, ADduct, Lateral rotate thigh

Nerve: Obturator N. (posterior branch)

40
Q

Adductor Longus

A

From pubic body (front) To medial lip of linear aspera (between vastus medialis and adductor magnus)

Action: Flex, ADduct thigh

Nerve: Obturator N. (anterior division)

forms the medial border of the femoral triangle.
Will be superficial to adductor magnus.

41
Q

Adductor Brevis

A

From pubic body and inferior pubic ramus (between gracilis and obt. externus) To proximal linear aspera
-Action Flex and ADduct thigh

Nerve: Obturator N. (anterior division)

If not hidden behind pectineus, forms part of femoral triangle floor
Obturator N splits around A. brevis
Perforating arteries named based on relative location to A. brevis

42
Q

Adductor Magnus (adductor part)

A

From inferior pubic ramus & ischial ramus
To gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera,
Innervation: Obturator n (posterior division)
Actions: Flex & ADduct thigh

43
Q

adductor magnus (hamstring part)

A

From ischial tuberosity (triangle part)
To adductor tub. & medial supracondylar line
Innervation: Sciatic n (tibial n)
Actions: Extend thigh

44
Q

Adductor (subsartorial) canal

A

intermuscular tunnel for femoral neurovasculature

45
Q

Adductor (subsartorial) hiatus

A

passage in adductor magnus m. distal end of adductor canal= artery and vein jump ship here to get to popliteal fossa= become popliteal vessels

46
Q

neovasculature structure that is NOT part of the femoral sheath

A

femoral nerve

47
Q

Femoral triangle formed by:

A 
medially= adductor longus, laterally= sartorius, and inguinal ligament superiorly 
-pectineus= floor
48
Q

Femoral neurovasculature

A

NAVL= nerve, artery, vein, lymph

49
Q

femoral sheath

A

transversalis fascia from abdomen that forms compartments for artery, vein, and lymph
-separated in lateral, medial, and intermediate
-Medial femoral canal= mainly empty space, has lymph in it
Allows blood vessels to expand and contract

50
Q

collective action of posterior thigh

A

flex knee and extend thigh

51
Q

why short head of biceps femoris isn’t a true hamstring

A

doesn’t attach to ischial tuberosity, doesn’t extend thigh, innervated by common peroneal nerve

52
Q

collective origin of posterior thigh

A

ischial tuberosity

53
Q

collective innervation of posterior compartment

A

sciatic (tibial) nerve

54
Q

Avulsion of the ischial tuberosity

A
  • not completely attach to rest of pelvis at this point until age 14 or so
  • can occur w/ sudden contraction of hamstrings. -Typical in younger, athletic individuals.
55
Q

Biceps Femoris (long head)

A

From ischial tuberosity (below oblique line) & sacrotuberous lig.

To lateral side of styloid process (fibula) and lateral condyle of (tibia) with short head

Actions: Extend, laterally rotate thigh; Flex knee and laterally rotate a flexed knee.

Nerve: Tibial n

56
Q

biceps femoris (short head)

A

From lateral lip of linea aspera (between a magnus and v lateralis); lateral supracondylar line, and lateral intermuscular septum
-To lateral side of styloid process (fibula) and lateral condyle of (tibia) with long head

Actions: Flex knee and laterally rotate a flexed knee.

Nerve: Common peroneal (fibular) n

57
Q

Semitendinosus

A

From ischial tuberosity (below oblique line) (with biceps femoris, long head)

To proximal medial surface of tibia via a very long tendon (hence name “tendinous”)

Actions Extend thigh; Flex knee and medial rotate a flexed knee.

Nerve: Tibial n

58
Q

Semimembranosus

A

Gives rise to oblique popliteal ligament and fascia around popliteal muscle

From ischial tuberosity (upper lateral portion of oblique line, just above semitendinous and biceps femoris)

To medial condyle of tibia (in a groove) and posterior surface of medial condyle of femur

Actions Extend thigh; Flex knee and medial rotate a flexed knee.

Nerve: Tibial n

59
Q

boundaries of popliteal fossa

A
  • diamond-shaped fossa
  • supermedial= semis,
  • superolateral= biceps femoris
  • inferior border= both heads of gastroc
60
Q

contents of popliteal fossa

A

Nerves: Tibial n w/ medial sural n, Common peroneal n w/ lateral sural n
Vessels: Popliteal a w/ genicular aa, Popliteal v w/ small saphenous v
Muscles: Plantaris m, Popliteus m

61
Q

Plantaris

A

From: lateral supracondylar line and oblique popliteal lig.
To: posterior calcaneus
Actions: Flex knee, plantar flex ankle
innervation: tibial n

62
Q

Popliteus

A

From: groove on lateral condyle of femur,
arcuate popliteal lig, and lateral meniscus
To: to proximal soleal line of tibia
Actions: Flex, rotates, and unlocks knee
innervation: tibial nerve

63
Q

Why are the dermatomes “spiraled” ?

A

90 degree medial rotation of lower limb

64
Q

Lateral Femoral Cutaneous nerve (L2, L3) injury

A

Entrapment by: Tight pants; Obesity; Heavy belts; Over hip extension
Leads to: Tingling, numbness, or burning in lateral thigh (Meralgia paresthetica)

65
Q

Femoral Nerve

A

L2-L4
Anterior Thigh, sometimes pectineus

continues in leg as cutaneous branches of saphenous nerve* (follow femoral vein and artery til the adductor hiatus, then jumps ship)

66
Q

subsartorial nerve plexus

A

communication between anterior obturator, saphenous, and medial femoral cutaneous

67
Q

Obturator Nerve

A

L2-L4= medial thigh
Posterior Branch= Primarily motor
Posterior branch to: obturator externus, adductor magnus (adductor part), adductor brevis (sometimes), articular branch to knee

Anterior branch: adductor longus, gracilis, adductor brevis (sometimes), articular branch to hip joint; cutaneous branch to above medial knee
Anterior Branch= more superficial, Motor and cutaneous

68
Q

Accessory Obturator Nerve (L3-4)

A

10% of population
Deep to pectineus m.
L3-L4

69
Q

Posterior Femoral Cutaneous nerve

A

runs medial to sciatic nerve, gives cutaneous branches= inferior cluneal nerves
-s1-s3

70
Q

sciatic nerve

A

L4-S3

Motor (mainly) in thigh

71
Q

tibial nerve

A

L4-S3
Motor to most hamstrings; plantaris m; popliteus m
Articular branches: medial & middle genicular nn

72
Q

common peroneal nerve

A

L4-S2
Motor to short head Biceps Femoris
Articular branches: lateral genicular nn

73
Q

superficial veins

A

-Great saphenous vein= goes thru fascia lata into saphenous hiatus to dump into femoral vein)
Small saphenous vein= drains into popliteal vein

74
Q

deep veins

A

Deep Veins (follow arteries)= vena comicantes
Femoral Vein
Profunda Femoris Vein
Popliteal Vein

75
Q

Lymphatics Drainage

A

Superficial & Deep Inguinal nodes

Popliteal nodes

76
Q

blood supply overview

A
  • Arterial supply from Femoral a & its branches (from Profunda Femoris a)
  • Continuation of the External Iliac a after the inguinal ligament
  • Continues as the Popliteal a after passing through adductor (subsartorial) hiatus
  • Popliteal a will split in leg into Anterior & Posterior Tibial arteries
77
Q

Femoral artery Branches

A
  • superficial circumflex iliac, superficial epigastric, profunda femoris, superficial external pudendal, descending genicular
  • continues as popliteal artery after knee
78
Q

Profunda Femoris Branches

A

-variable
-lateral femoral circumflex (can be off femoral artery)
-medial femoral circumflex (dives under pectineus)
4 perforating arteries

79
Q

branches of lateral femoral circumflex

A

ascending, descending, transverse

80
Q

cruciate anastomosis

A

collateral circulation of hip joint

-inferior gluteal artery, medial femoral circumflex artery, lateral femoral circumflex artery, first perforating artery

81
Q

hip fractures

A

Most blood supply to femoral head from retinacular branches from both femoral circumflex aa, but small supply from branch of obturator a through the ligament to head of the femur (many names)

Blood supply disrupted in “hip” fractures -> (ischemic necrosis)
-break hip= break the neck= can get avascular necrosis of the femoral head bc circumflex arteries are broken

82
Q

popliteal branches (genicular anastomosis)

A

lateral and medial superior genicular arteries, lateral and medial inferior genicular arteries, middle genicular artery (dives into joint capsule)

83
Q

sural branches from popliteal artery serve what three muscles

A

soleus, gastroc, and plantaris

84
Q

How can blood get from femoral a to tibial arteries if popliteal a blocked?

A

-blood comes down from descending branch of lateral circumflex femoral and descending genicular artery

anatomy quiz (2 decks)

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