Buzzwords

Question 0

Bird beak appearance and distended oesophagus

Answer 0

Achalasia

Bowel obstruction if in lower GI

Question 1

Gingival hypertrophy leading to gingivectomy/biting on own gums

Answer 1

Side effects of

• Calcium channel blockers
• Phenytoin

Question 2

Grey Turners (lumbar redness) and Cullens sign (umbilical redness) positive

Answer 2

Acute pancreatitis

Question 3

Mnemonic for causes of acute pancreatitis

Answer 3

G - gallstones
E - Ethanol
T - Trauma

S - Steroids
M - Mumps
A - Autoimmune
S - Scorpion bites/stings
H - Hyperlipidaemia/hyperthermia/hypercalcaemia
E - ERCP
D - Drugs

Question 4

Murphys sign positive

Answer 4

Cholecystitis

Question 5

Pale stools, jaundice and abdominal pain

Answer 5

Biliary obstruction

Question 6

Abdominal distension, capit medusae and shifting dullness

Answer 6

Portal hypertension and ascites

Question 7

Pyoderma gangrenosum and erythema nodosum

Answer 7

Crohns/UC

Question 8

Tinkling bowel sounds

Answer 8

Bowel obstruction

Question 9

Vesicular rash and weight loss

Answer 9

Coeliac disease

Question 10

Virchows node (left supra-clavicular)

Answer 10

Gastric cancer

Question 11

Urea breath test

Answer 11

H pylori

Question 12

Carbon-14 breath test

Answer 12

Bacterial overgrowth

Question 13

“Rice-water”-like stools

Answer 13

Vibrio cholera

Question 14

Presence of AMA (Anti-mitochondrial antibodies)

Answer 14

Primary Biliary Cirrhosis

Question 15

Presence of ASMA (Anti-smooth muscle antibodies)

Answer 15

Autoimmune hepatitis

Question 16

Alpha Feto Protein assay

Answer 16

Hepatocellular carcinoma (or teratoma)

Question 17

Cobblestone mucosa - indicating deep fissuring ulceration of mucosa

Answer 17

Crohn’s disease

Question 18

Diuretic for ascites (due to cirrhosis)

Answer 18

Spironolactone

Question 19

Corkscrew Oesophagus on barium swallow

Answer 19

Diffuse oesophageal spasm

Question 20

Severe abdominal pain and D&V after raw milk

Answer 20

Campylobacter

Question 21

Russell’s sign

Answer 21

Self induced vomiting resulting in calluses on the knuckles due to contact with incisors

Question 22

Mallorys hyaline bodies

Answer 22

Alcoholic liver disease (acute hepatitis)

Chronic active hepatitis

Question 23

Crypt abscess/cryptitis

Answer 23

Crohns

Question 24

Onion skinning fibrosis, beading of bile ducts

Answer 24

Primary sclerosing cholangitis

Question 25

Signet ring cells seen on biopsy

Answer 25

Linitis plastica - diffuse stomach cancer

Question 26

Thumb printing on AXR commonly at splenic flex urge

Answer 26

Ischaemic colitis

Question 27

Charcots triad

Answer 27

Acute cholangitis (fever, jaundice and abdo pain secondary to cholelithiasis)

Question 28

Causes for abdominal mass (mnemonic)

Answer 28

A - AAA ``` C - Crohns H - Hernia E - Enlarged organ M - Malignancy I - Intussusception C - Cyst/Abscess A - Appendicitis L - Lymphadenopathy ```

Question 29

Causes for bowel obstruction (mnemonic)

Answer 29

B - Bolus A - Adhesions T - Tumour H - Hernia V - Volvulus I - Intussusception P - Pseudo-obstruction S - Stricture