Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Year 1 - Gastrointestinal (DP) > Diseases Of The Upper GI Tract > Flashcards

Diseases Of The Upper GI Tract Flashcards

(48 cards)

Start Studying
0
Q

What ducts form the common bile duct?

A

Cystic duct

Common hepatic duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What do the right hepatic and left hepatic duct combine to form?

A

Common hepatic duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where do the common bile duct and pancreatic duct meet?

A

Ampulla of vater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Through what do the common bile duct and pancreatic duct empty their contents?

A

Major duodenal papilla - has the sphincter of Oddi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is ERCP and what does it do?

A

Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography

Studies biliary tree and pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What can cause posthepatic jaundice and how?

A

Gallstones
Pancreas head carcinoma
Bile flows back to liver - overspill into blood - increased blood bilirubin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the 4(/5) parts of the pancreas?

A

Head (with Uncinate process)
Neck
Body
Tail

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the role of the pancreas?

A

Exocrine
- Acinar cells - Secrete pancreatic enzymes into pancreatic duct
Endocrine
- Islets of Langerhans - Secrete insulin and glucagon into blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the blood supply to the pancreas?

A

Pancreatic branches of the splenic artery
Sup. pancreaticoduodenal artery (from gastroduodenal a.)
Inf. pancreaticoduodenal artery (from sup. mesenteric a.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the four parts of the duodenum?

A
  1. Superior - intraperitoneal
  2. Descending
  3. Horizontal
  4. Ascending
    (The rest are retroperitoneal)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the name of the folds in the jejunum?

A

Plicae circularis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When fat is absorbed into enterocytes where does it go?

A 
Into chylomicrons
Into lacteals (special lymph vessels)
Drains into venous system at left venous angle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What lesions can be present in the mouth?

A

Ulcer
Lump
White patch
Red patch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is Sjögren’s syndrome?

A

Salivary gland disease - dry mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What haematological disorders have oral signs?

A

Deficiencies of

  • Vitamin B12
  • Folate
  • Iron
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What oral signs are present in iron deficiency?

A 
Recurrent ulceration
Oral dysaesthesia
Oral candida
Angular chelitis
Smooth tongue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Hairy leukoplakia, Kaposi’s sarcoma and candidosis are oral manifestations of what?

A

HIV/AIDS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How does the Oesophagus appear in reflux disease?

A

Red

Ulcerated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Barrett’s oesophagus is a metaplasia of what cells to what?

A

Simple squamous to columnar epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How does Barrett’s oesophagus appear?

Study These Flashcards
A

Red
Velvety
Shifted z line

20
Q

A 21 year old man presents with dysphagia. He has asthma and has a family history of allergy. He has no symptoms or signs of reflux disease. On endoscopy his Oesophagus appears corrugated. What is the likely diagnosis and treatment?

Study These Flashcards
A

Eosinophilic oesophagitis

Steroids/Chromoglycate/Montelukast

21
Q

A 62 year old man presents with dysphagia. He has smoked for 45 years and drinks 40 units of alcohol a week. He has noticed unplanned weight loss over the past number of weeks. He has some lymphadenopathy in his neck. What is the likely diagnosis?

Study These Flashcards
A

Squamous cell carcinoma

22
Q

In what areas of the mouth is squamous cell carcinoma most likely?

Study These Flashcards
A

Non-keratinised

23
Q

Where is a peptic ulcer more common, stomach or duodenum?

24
On endoscopy, a lesion appears clear cut and almost like it has been 'punched out'. Is it more likely to be cancer or an ulcer?
Ulcer
25
What type of gastric cancer is linked to H. pylori infection?
Adenocarcinoma
26
What are common presentations of oesophageal cancer?
``` Dysphagia Odynophagia Haematemesis Dysphonia Weight loss ```
27
Alarm features of upper GI disease
``` >55 years Dysphagia GI blood loss Persistent vomiting Unexplained weight loss Upper abdo mass Anaemia (iron deficient) ```
28
What are the two types of gastric adenocarcinoma and how can they be distinguished?
``` Intestinal - Irregular gland tubules - Intestinal metaplasia Diffuse - Secrete mucus - Poorly differentiated - Signet ring cells ```
29
Typical clinical presentations of gastric cancer
``` Dyspepsia Upper GI bleed Weight loss Abdo mass Jaundice ```
30
In what type of lesion is a total gastrectomy performed?
Proximal
31
Treatment options for Variceal bleeding
Injection scleropathy - Ethanolamine Banding Histocryl glue
32
Treatments for arterial bleeding in the GI tract
Injection therapy - Adrenaline Heater probe Clips
33
What surgery is available for sufferers of GORD?
Nissen fundoplication
34
What is gastroparesis and what are its symptoms?
Delayed gastric emptying - Feeling full - Nausea - Vomiting - Weight loss - Upper abdo pain
35
What is achalasia?
LOS in spasm Lack of oesophageal peristalsis (Treatment is balloon dilation or injection of Botox)
36
What are the Rome III criteria for dyspepsia?
Epigastric pain Postprandial fullness Early satiety
37
How do we test f or H. pylori infection?
Urease breath test - C13 labelled urea eaten - If C13 CO2 exhaled then H. pylori present Faecal antigen test also possible
38
Treatment for H. pylori infection
Omeprazole 20mg twice daily AND Clarithromycin 500mg twice daily AND Amoxicillin 1g twice daily
39
What are the four types of tongue papillae?
Filiform (no taste buds) Fungiform Foliate Circumvalate
40
What classes of anti-emetic drugs exist and give examples?
``` 5-HT3 receptor antagonists - Ondansetron - Palonosetron Muscarinic ACh receptor antagonists - Hyosine - Scopolamine Histamine H1 receptor antagonists - Cyclizine - Cinnarizine Dopamine receptor antagonists - Domperidone - Metoclopramide ```
41
When are 5-HT3 receptor antagonists used?
Suppress chemotherapy and radiation-induced emetics and postoperative vomiting
42
What drugs are used for the prophylaxis and treatment of motion sickness?
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonists | Histamine H1 receptor antagonists
43
What are the side effects of hyosine?
Blurred vision Urinary retention Dry mouth Central sedation
44
If vomiting has been induced by irritants, what drugs can be used?
Histamine H1 receptor antagonists
45
When are dopamine receptor antagonists used?
Drug induced emesis | GI disorders
46
What is nabilone?
Cannaboid (CB1) receptor agonist
47
Give an example of NK1 receptor antagonist and when it is used?
Aprepitant | Acute phase of highly emetogenic chemotherapy

Year 1 - Gastrointestinal (DP) (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions